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Ro pi{"id":7986,"date":"2019-12-31T11:17:27","date_gmt":"2019-12-31T08:17:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/?p=7986"},"modified":"2019-12-31T11:17:27","modified_gmt":"2019-12-31T08:17:27","slug":"islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130SLAM’DA SU\u00c7 VE \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
Hikmetlerinin emsalsizli\u011fi ak\u0131llar\u0131 ma\u011flup eden, delillerinin inceli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri yenen, sanat\u0131ndaki deh\u015fet ve harikas\u0131 ink\u00e2rc\u0131lara mazeret b\u0131rakmayan ve delillerinin dilleri k\u00e2inat\u0131n kulaklar\u0131na \u2018\u2019 Allahtan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 bir ilah yoktur\u2019\u2019 diye hayk\u0131ran Allah\u2019a hamdolsun. Salat ve selam da Efendimiz, \u00d6nderimiz ve Rehberimiz olan Hz. Muhammed(sav) \u2018e, a\u2019line, ashab\u0131na ve onun izinden giden \u00fcmmetine olsun.<\/p>\n
Yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olma ve cezay\u0131 gerektiren bir fiil niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan birisi di\u011feriyle birle\u015firse de, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6nden kendilerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden fiiller \u00e7e\u015fitlenir ve birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bu bak\u0131mdand\u0131r ki, c\u00fcr\u00fcm olu\u015fturan fiillere bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re, onlar\u0131 muhtelif k\u0131s\u0131mlara ve \u00e7e\u015fitlere ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:a) Su\u00e7lara ve onlara terett\u00fcp eden cezalar\u0131n, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131nca; 1- Hadd, 2- K\u0131sas veya diyet 3- Ta’zir cezalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerb) Su\u00e7lunun kasd\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131l\u0131nca 1- Kas\u0131tl\u0131 2-Kas\u0131ts\u0131z su\u00e7larc) Su\u00e7lar\u0131n derhal sabit olup olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re de 1- Me\u015fhud su\u00e7lar 2- Gayr-\u0131 me\u015fhud su\u00e7lar,d) \u0130\u015fleni\u015f metotlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise 1- M\u00fcspet hareketli su\u00e7lar 2- Menfi hareketli su\u00e7lar, 3- Basit su\u00e7lar ve 4- \u0130tiyadi (s\u00fcr\u00fcp giden) su\u00e7lar,e) \u00d6zel mahiyetleri a\u00e7\u0131sindan da 1- Toplum aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar 2- \u015eah\u0131slar aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle siyasi su\u00e7lar ve \u00e2di su\u00e7lar \u015feklindek\u0131s\u0131mlara ayr\u0131l\u0131r.51. Haklar\u0131nda belirlenen cezan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re su\u00e7lar \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r:1. Hadd Su\u00e7lar\u0131:Hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren, hadd cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lard\u0131r: Hadd: Allah (cc)’\u0131n (\u00e2mmenin) hakk\u0131 olarak tespit edilmi\u015f bir cezad\u0131r(1). Tespit edilmi\u015f cezan\u0131n m\u00e2nas\u0131, tayin ve tahdid edilip s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle en az ve en yukar\u0131 haddleri olmayan ceza demektir. Allah’\u0131n hakk\u0131 olu\u015funun m\u00e2nas\u0131 , ne ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ne de topluluk taraf\u0131ndan \u0131skat\u0131n\u0131n (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin), aff\u0131n\u0131n ve azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hak demektir.Kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ve maslahat\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren her ceza \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunda Allah?\u0131n (toplumun) hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kamu yarar\u0131 da, insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak, onlar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Her bir su\u00e7 fiilinin zarar\u0131 sonunda topluma olmaktad\u0131r, toplum huzur ve g\u00fcveni bozulmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla cezas\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131lan fayda da yine toplum i\u00e7indir. O c\u00fcr\u00fcmlere konulan cezalar \u00e2mme menfaat\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmede, fesad\u0131n ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zarar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mede kuvvetli ve m\u00fcessir bir durumun ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Allah hakk\u0131 telakki edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir cezan\u0131n Allah hakk\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131, onun ki\u015filer ve topluluk taraf\u0131ndan \u0131skat edilmemesine (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclememesine) vesile olur.Hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131 bellidir. Hepsi yedi tanedir:a) Zina,b) Zina iftiras\u0131,c) \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7mek,d) H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k,e) Ya\u011fma ve yol kesme,f) Dinden d\u00f6nmek (irtidad),g) Haks\u0131z isyan.\u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131, su\u00e7 kelimesini il\u00e2ve etmeksizin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 mucib su\u00e7lar ve cezalar\u0131n\u0131 da hadd olarak isimlendiriyorlar. Fakat bu su\u00e7lar, kendilerine terett\u00fcp eyleyen hadd cezalar\u0131 ile birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Faraza h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k haddi, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me haddi… denir. Bu s\u00f6zlerle h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k cezas\u0131 veya i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me fiilinin cezas\u0131 kastedilir.2. K\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131:Bunlar da k\u0131sas veya diyetle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerdir. K\u0131sas ve diyetin her biri, fertlerin hakk\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015f ve ma\u011fdurun ya da miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine uygulanan birer cezad\u0131r. Tespit edilmi\u015fli\u011fin anlam\u0131, asgari ve azami haddleri bulunmayan, miktarda esneklik s\u00f6z konusu olmayan bir tek \u015fekilde ve miktarda verilebilen ceza demektir. Fertlerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 sonucu ise, ma\u011fdur ki\u015fi veya miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 isterse su\u00e7luyu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama hakk\u0131na sahiptir. E\u011fer affederse bu af, cezay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.K\u0131sas ve diyet cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ise be\u015ftir:a) Kas\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,b) Kas\u0131t benzeriyle (\u015fibh\u00fc’l-amd) \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,c) Hataen \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,d) Kas\u0131tla i\u015flenilen m\u00fcessir fiil,e) Hataen i\u015flenilen m\u00fcessir fiil.M\u00fcessir fiilden maksat, \u015fah\u0131s aleyhine i\u015flenilen, fakat \u00f6l\u00fcmle neticelenmeyen yaralanma ve darb gibi haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131lard\u0131r.\u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 genellikle bu k\u0131sm\u0131 \u201ccinayetler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda incelerler. Bunda fakihlerin cinayet kelimesini kullanmay\u0131 \u00e2det edini\u015flerinin etkisi vard\u0131r(2). Fakat baz\u0131 fakihler yaralama \u201c\u201ccer\u00e2h\u201d\u0131n daha \u00e7ok meydana geldi\u011fini, i\u015flendi\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak bu k\u0131sm\u0131 yaralamalar \u201ccer\u00e2h\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ele alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r(3). Baz\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 da m\u00fcessir fiil sonucu meydana gelen kanamalara bakarak bu k\u0131sm\u0131, kanlar \u201c\u201cdim\u00e2, dem\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda mevzubahis etmi\u015flerdir. (4)3. Ta’zir su\u00e7lar\u0131:Bunlar, bir veya daha \u00e7ok ta’zir cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lard\u0131r. Ta’zirin manas\u0131, te’dib, usland\u0131rma, terbiye edip yola getirmektir. \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku ana kay naklar\u0131 her ta’zir su\u00e7una bir ta’zir cezas\u0131 tayin ve tespit etmi\u015f &z\u011fildir. En hafif bir ceza ile ba\u015flay\u0131p en \u015fiddetlisiyle sona eren bu su\u00e7lardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tespit ile iktifa etmi\u015f; h\u00e2kime, su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi ve su\u00e7lunun i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u015fartlara uygun olarak her su\u00e7 i\u00e7in ceza ve cezalar\u0131 se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ta’zir su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan her bir su\u00e7 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 cezalar tespit edilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.Hadd, k\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki gibi ta’zir su\u00e7lar\u0131 belli de\u011fildir ve belirlenmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Emanete h\u0131yanet, faiz, s\u00f6vme, r\u00fc\u015fvet… gibi her zaman su\u00e7 say\u0131lan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131kh\u0131 ana kaynaklar\u0131 su\u00e7 olarak belirtmi\u015ftir. .Ta’zir cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren fiillerin en \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7 te\u015fkil edip etmedi\u011fine karar verme hakk\u0131 yetkililere b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131n, yine de ne gibi fiillerin ta’zir su\u00e7u olu\u015fturdu\u011funu tespit i\u015finde yetkililere s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir takdir yetkisi ve h\u00fcrriyeti tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez. Yasaklama, \u00e2mme d\u00fczeninin, toplumun genel durumunun gerektirdi\u011fi nispette olmal\u0131; \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131, genel ilkeleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fkili olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.Devlet yetkililerine, bu as\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n kanun yapma yetkisi tan\u0131mas\u0131ndan maksat; kendilerine, toplumu tanzim ve do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde sevk ve idare edebilmeleri; toplumun yararlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyup, m\u00fcdafaa edip ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durumlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulabilme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131makt\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n ana kaynaklar\u0131nda, hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunan su\u00e7larla, yetkililerin yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiiller aras\u0131ndaki fark \u015fudur: \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiil daima yasakt\u0131r, serbest bir fiil olarak kabul edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir, bu asla do\u011fru olmaz. Fakat devlet yetkililerinin bug\u00fcn yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fiil, kamu yarar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finde, yar\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
K\u00dbL\u00db LA \u0130LAHE \u0130LLALLAH, TUFL\u0130H\u00db! (La ilahe illallah deyiniz, kurtulunuz! )<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
ELHAMDUL\u0130LLAH\u0130RABB\u0130LALEM\u0130N<\/p>\n
1) Feth\u00fc-Kadir, c.4\/112-113. el-\u0130kn\u00e2, c.4\/244., el-Ahk\u00e2mu’s-Sult\u00e2niyye, 5.192-195, K\u00e2s\u00e2ni Bed\u00e2iu’s-San\u00e2i, c.7\/33-56, 2.bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1328\/1910.2) Bed\u00e2iu’s-San\u00e2i, c.7\/233. el-Ikn\u00e2, c.4\/162. el-B\u00fcceyremi, S\u00fcleyman b. \u00d6mer, Ha\u015fiyet\u00fc\u201dl-B\u00fcceyremialel-minhac, c.4\/129, M\u0131s\u0131r 1369.3) el-Heysemi, \u015eihab\u00fcddin Ahmed, Tuhfet\u00fc\u201d1-Muhtac, c.4\/1, M\u0131s\u0131r 1319. \u0130bnu Oudame, el-Mu\u011fni,c.9\/318, 3.bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1317.4) el-Hatt\u00e2b Ebu Abdillah, Mevahib\u00fc\u201d!-Celil, c.6\/230, 1. bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1328.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hikmetlerinin emsalsizli\u011fi ak\u0131llar\u0131 ma\u011flup eden, delillerinin inceli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri yenen, sanat\u0131ndaki deh\u015fet ve harikas\u0131 ink\u00e2rc\u0131lara mazeret b\u0131rakmayan ve delillerinin dilleri k\u00e2inat\u0131n kulaklar\u0131na \u2018\u2019 Allahtan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 bir ilah yoktur\u2019\u2019 diye hayk\u0131ran Allah\u2019a hamdolsun. Salat ve selam da Efendimiz, \u00d6nderimiz ve Rehberimiz olan Hz. Muhammed(sav) \u2018e, a\u2019line, ashab\u0131na ve onun izinden giden \u00fcmmetine olsun. Yasaklanm\u0131\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":7987,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[251],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
\u0130SLAM'DA SU\u00c7 VE \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130 Nedir? • Ebrar Medya<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hikmetlerinin emsalsizli\u011fi ak\u0131llar\u0131 ma\u011flup eden, delillerinin inceli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri yenen, sanat\u0131ndaki deh\u015fet ve harikas\u0131 ink\u00e2rc\u0131lara mazeret b\u0131rakmayan ve delillerinin dilleri k\u00e2inat\u0131n kulaklar\u0131na \u2018\u2019 Allahtan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 bir ilah yoktur\u2019\u2019 diye hayk\u0131ran Allah\u2019a hamdolsun. Salat ve selam da Efendimiz, \u00d6nderimiz ve Rehberimiz olan Hz. Muhammed(sav) \u2018e, a\u2019line, ashab\u0131na ve onun izinden giden \u00fcmmetine olsun.Yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olma ve cezay\u0131 gerektiren bir fiil niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan birisi di\u011feriyle birle\u015firse de, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6nden kendilerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden fiiller \u00e7e\u015fitlenir ve birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bu bak\u0131mdand\u0131r ki, c\u00fcr\u00fcm olu\u015fturan fiillere bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re, onlar\u0131 muhtelif k\u0131s\u0131mlara ve \u00e7e\u015fitlere ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:a) Su\u00e7lara ve onlara terett\u00fcp eden cezalar\u0131n, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131nca; 1- Hadd, 2- K\u0131sas veya diyet 3- Ta'zir cezalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerb) Su\u00e7lunun kasd\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131l\u0131nca 1- Kas\u0131tl\u0131 2-Kas\u0131ts\u0131z su\u00e7larc) Su\u00e7lar\u0131n derhal sabit olup olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re de 1- Me\u015fhud su\u00e7lar 2- Gayr-\u0131 me\u015fhud su\u00e7lar,d) \u0130\u015fleni\u015f metotlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise 1- M\u00fcspet hareketli su\u00e7lar 2- Menfi hareketli su\u00e7lar, 3- Basit su\u00e7lar ve 4- \u0130tiyadi (s\u00fcr\u00fcp giden) su\u00e7lar,e) \u00d6zel mahiyetleri a\u00e7\u0131sindan da 1- Toplum aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar 2- \u015eah\u0131slar aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle siyasi su\u00e7lar ve \u00e2di su\u00e7lar \u015feklindek\u0131s\u0131mlara ayr\u0131l\u0131r.51. Haklar\u0131nda belirlenen cezan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re su\u00e7lar \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r:1. Hadd Su\u00e7lar\u0131:Hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren, hadd cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lard\u0131r: Hadd: Allah (cc)'\u0131n (\u00e2mmenin) hakk\u0131 olarak tespit edilmi\u015f bir cezad\u0131r(1). Tespit edilmi\u015f cezan\u0131n m\u00e2nas\u0131, tayin ve tahdid edilip s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle en az ve en yukar\u0131 haddleri olmayan ceza demektir. Allah'\u0131n hakk\u0131 olu\u015funun m\u00e2nas\u0131 , ne ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ne de topluluk taraf\u0131ndan \u0131skat\u0131n\u0131n (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin), aff\u0131n\u0131n ve azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hak demektir.Kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ve maslahat\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren her ceza \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunda Allah?\u0131n (toplumun) hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kamu yarar\u0131 da, insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak, onlar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Her bir su\u00e7 fiilinin zarar\u0131 sonunda topluma olmaktad\u0131r, toplum huzur ve g\u00fcveni bozulmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla cezas\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131lan fayda da yine toplum i\u00e7indir. O c\u00fcr\u00fcmlere konulan cezalar \u00e2mme menfaat\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmede, fesad\u0131n ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zarar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mede kuvvetli ve m\u00fcessir bir durumun ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Allah hakk\u0131 telakki edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir cezan\u0131n Allah hakk\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131, onun ki\u015filer ve topluluk taraf\u0131ndan \u0131skat edilmemesine (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclememesine) vesile olur.Hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131 bellidir. Hepsi yedi tanedir:a) Zina,b) Zina iftiras\u0131,c) \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7mek,d) H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k,e) Ya\u011fma ve yol kesme,f) Dinden d\u00f6nmek (irtidad),g) Haks\u0131z isyan.\u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131, su\u00e7 kelimesini il\u00e2ve etmeksizin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 mucib su\u00e7lar ve cezalar\u0131n\u0131 da hadd olarak isimlendiriyorlar. Fakat bu su\u00e7lar, kendilerine terett\u00fcp eyleyen hadd cezalar\u0131 ile birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Faraza h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k haddi, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me haddi... denir. Bu s\u00f6zlerle h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k cezas\u0131 veya i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me fiilinin cezas\u0131 kastedilir.2. K\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131:Bunlar da k\u0131sas veya diyetle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerdir. K\u0131sas ve diyetin her biri, fertlerin hakk\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015f ve ma\u011fdurun ya da miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine uygulanan birer cezad\u0131r. Tespit edilmi\u015fli\u011fin anlam\u0131, asgari ve azami haddleri bulunmayan, miktarda esneklik s\u00f6z konusu olmayan bir tek \u015fekilde ve miktarda verilebilen ceza demektir. Fertlerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 sonucu ise, ma\u011fdur ki\u015fi veya miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 isterse su\u00e7luyu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama hakk\u0131na sahiptir. E\u011fer affederse bu af, cezay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.K\u0131sas ve diyet cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ise be\u015ftir:a) Kas\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,b) Kas\u0131t benzeriyle (\u015fibh\u00fc'l-amd) \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,c) Hataen \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,d) Kas\u0131tla i\u015flenilen m\u00fcessir fiil,e) Hataen i\u015flenilen m\u00fcessir fiil.M\u00fcessir fiilden maksat, \u015fah\u0131s aleyhine i\u015flenilen, fakat \u00f6l\u00fcmle neticelenmeyen yaralanma ve darb gibi haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131lard\u0131r.\u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 genellikle bu k\u0131sm\u0131 \u201ccinayetler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda incelerler. Bunda fakihlerin cinayet kelimesini kullanmay\u0131 \u00e2det edini\u015flerinin etkisi vard\u0131r(2). Fakat baz\u0131 fakihler yaralama \u201c\u201ccer\u00e2h\u201d\u0131n daha \u00e7ok meydana geldi\u011fini, i\u015flendi\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak bu k\u0131sm\u0131 yaralamalar \u201ccer\u00e2h\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ele alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r(3). Baz\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 da m\u00fcessir fiil sonucu meydana gelen kanamalara bakarak bu k\u0131sm\u0131, kanlar \u201c\u201cdim\u00e2, dem\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda mevzubahis etmi\u015flerdir. (4)3. Ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131:Bunlar, bir veya daha \u00e7ok ta'zir cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lard\u0131r. Ta'zirin manas\u0131, te'dib, usland\u0131rma, terbiye edip yola getirmektir. \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku ana kay naklar\u0131 her ta'zir su\u00e7una bir ta'zir cezas\u0131 tayin ve tespit etmi\u015f &z\u011fildir. En hafif bir ceza ile ba\u015flay\u0131p en \u015fiddetlisiyle sona eren bu su\u00e7lardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tespit ile iktifa etmi\u015f; h\u00e2kime, su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi ve su\u00e7lunun i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u015fartlara uygun olarak her su\u00e7 i\u00e7in ceza ve cezalar\u0131 se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan her bir su\u00e7 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 cezalar tespit edilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.Hadd, k\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki gibi ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131 belli de\u011fildir ve belirlenmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Emanete h\u0131yanet, faiz, s\u00f6vme, r\u00fc\u015fvet... gibi her zaman su\u00e7 say\u0131lan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131kh\u0131 ana kaynaklar\u0131 su\u00e7 olarak belirtmi\u015ftir. .Ta'zir cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren fiillerin en \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7 te\u015fkil edip etmedi\u011fine karar verme hakk\u0131 yetkililere b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131n, yine de ne gibi fiillerin ta'zir su\u00e7u olu\u015fturdu\u011funu tespit i\u015finde yetkililere s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir takdir yetkisi ve h\u00fcrriyeti tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez. Yasaklama, \u00e2mme d\u00fczeninin, toplumun genel durumunun gerektirdi\u011fi nispette olmal\u0131; \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131, genel ilkeleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fkili olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.Devlet yetkililerine, bu as\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n kanun yapma yetkisi tan\u0131mas\u0131ndan maksat; kendilerine, toplumu tanzim ve do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde sevk ve idare edebilmeleri; toplumun yararlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyup, m\u00fcdafaa edip ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durumlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulabilme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131makt\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n ana kaynaklar\u0131nda, hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunan su\u00e7larla, yetkililerin yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiiller aras\u0131ndaki fark \u015fudur: \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiil daima yasakt\u0131r, serbest bir fiil olarak kabul edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir, bu asla do\u011fru olmaz. Fakat devlet yetkililerinin bug\u00fcn yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fiil, kamu yarar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finde, yar\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131labilir. K\u00dbL\u00db LA \u0130LAHE \u0130LLALLAH, TUFL\u0130H\u00db! (La ilahe illallah deyiniz, kurtulunuz! )ELHAMDUL\u0130LLAH\u0130RABB\u0130LALEM\u0130N1) Feth\u00fc-Kadir, c.4\/112-113. el-\u0130kn\u00e2, c.4\/244., el-Ahk\u00e2mu's-Sult\u00e2niyye, 5.192-195, K\u00e2s\u00e2ni Bed\u00e2iu's-San\u00e2i, c.7\/33-56, 2.bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1328\/1910.2) Bed\u00e2iu's-San\u00e2i, c.7\/233. el-Ikn\u00e2, c.4\/162. el-B\u00fcceyremi, S\u00fcleyman b. \u00d6mer, Ha\u015fiyet\u00fc\u201dl-B\u00fcceyremialel-minhac, c.4\/129, M\u0131s\u0131r 1369.3) el-Heysemi, \u015eihab\u00fcddin Ahmed, Tuhfet\u00fc\u201d1-Muhtac, c.4\/1, M\u0131s\u0131r 1319. \u0130bnu Oudame, el-Mu\u011fni,c.9\/318, 3.bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1317.4) el-Hatt\u00e2b Ebu Abdillah, Mevahib\u00fc\u201d!-Celil, c.6\/230, 1. bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1328.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130SLAM'DA SU\u00c7 VE \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130 Nedir? • Ebrar Medya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hikmetlerinin emsalsizli\u011fi ak\u0131llar\u0131 ma\u011flup eden, delillerinin inceli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri yenen, sanat\u0131ndaki deh\u015fet ve harikas\u0131 ink\u00e2rc\u0131lara mazeret b\u0131rakmayan ve delillerinin dilleri k\u00e2inat\u0131n kulaklar\u0131na \u2018\u2019 Allahtan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 bir ilah yoktur\u2019\u2019 diye hayk\u0131ran Allah\u2019a hamdolsun. Salat ve selam da Efendimiz, \u00d6nderimiz ve Rehberimiz olan Hz. Muhammed(sav) \u2018e, a\u2019line, ashab\u0131na ve onun izinden giden \u00fcmmetine olsun.Yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olma ve cezay\u0131 gerektiren bir fiil niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan birisi di\u011feriyle birle\u015firse de, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6nden kendilerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden fiiller \u00e7e\u015fitlenir ve birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bu bak\u0131mdand\u0131r ki, c\u00fcr\u00fcm olu\u015fturan fiillere bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re, onlar\u0131 muhtelif k\u0131s\u0131mlara ve \u00e7e\u015fitlere ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:a) Su\u00e7lara ve onlara terett\u00fcp eden cezalar\u0131n, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131nca; 1- Hadd, 2- K\u0131sas veya diyet 3- Ta'zir cezalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerb) Su\u00e7lunun kasd\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131l\u0131nca 1- Kas\u0131tl\u0131 2-Kas\u0131ts\u0131z su\u00e7larc) Su\u00e7lar\u0131n derhal sabit olup olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re de 1- Me\u015fhud su\u00e7lar 2- Gayr-\u0131 me\u015fhud su\u00e7lar,d) \u0130\u015fleni\u015f metotlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise 1- M\u00fcspet hareketli su\u00e7lar 2- Menfi hareketli su\u00e7lar, 3- Basit su\u00e7lar ve 4- \u0130tiyadi (s\u00fcr\u00fcp giden) su\u00e7lar,e) \u00d6zel mahiyetleri a\u00e7\u0131sindan da 1- Toplum aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar 2- \u015eah\u0131slar aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle siyasi su\u00e7lar ve \u00e2di su\u00e7lar \u015feklindek\u0131s\u0131mlara ayr\u0131l\u0131r.51. Haklar\u0131nda belirlenen cezan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re su\u00e7lar \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r:1. Hadd Su\u00e7lar\u0131:Hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren, hadd cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lard\u0131r: Hadd: Allah (cc)'\u0131n (\u00e2mmenin) hakk\u0131 olarak tespit edilmi\u015f bir cezad\u0131r(1). Tespit edilmi\u015f cezan\u0131n m\u00e2nas\u0131, tayin ve tahdid edilip s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle en az ve en yukar\u0131 haddleri olmayan ceza demektir. Allah'\u0131n hakk\u0131 olu\u015funun m\u00e2nas\u0131 , ne ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ne de topluluk taraf\u0131ndan \u0131skat\u0131n\u0131n (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin), aff\u0131n\u0131n ve azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hak demektir.Kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ve maslahat\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren her ceza \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunda Allah?\u0131n (toplumun) hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kamu yarar\u0131 da, insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak, onlar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Her bir su\u00e7 fiilinin zarar\u0131 sonunda topluma olmaktad\u0131r, toplum huzur ve g\u00fcveni bozulmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla cezas\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131lan fayda da yine toplum i\u00e7indir. O c\u00fcr\u00fcmlere konulan cezalar \u00e2mme menfaat\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmede, fesad\u0131n ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zarar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mede kuvvetli ve m\u00fcessir bir durumun ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Allah hakk\u0131 telakki edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir cezan\u0131n Allah hakk\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131, onun ki\u015filer ve topluluk taraf\u0131ndan \u0131skat edilmemesine (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclememesine) vesile olur.Hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131 bellidir. Hepsi yedi tanedir:a) Zina,b) Zina iftiras\u0131,c) \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7mek,d) H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k,e) Ya\u011fma ve yol kesme,f) Dinden d\u00f6nmek (irtidad),g) Haks\u0131z isyan.\u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131, su\u00e7 kelimesini il\u00e2ve etmeksizin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 mucib su\u00e7lar ve cezalar\u0131n\u0131 da hadd olarak isimlendiriyorlar. Fakat bu su\u00e7lar, kendilerine terett\u00fcp eyleyen hadd cezalar\u0131 ile birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Faraza h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k haddi, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me haddi... denir. Bu s\u00f6zlerle h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k cezas\u0131 veya i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me fiilinin cezas\u0131 kastedilir.2. K\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131:Bunlar da k\u0131sas veya diyetle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerdir. K\u0131sas ve diyetin her biri, fertlerin hakk\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015f ve ma\u011fdurun ya da miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine uygulanan birer cezad\u0131r. Tespit edilmi\u015fli\u011fin anlam\u0131, asgari ve azami haddleri bulunmayan, miktarda esneklik s\u00f6z konusu olmayan bir tek \u015fekilde ve miktarda verilebilen ceza demektir. Fertlerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 sonucu ise, ma\u011fdur ki\u015fi veya miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 isterse su\u00e7luyu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama hakk\u0131na sahiptir. E\u011fer affederse bu af, cezay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.K\u0131sas ve diyet cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ise be\u015ftir:a) Kas\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,b) Kas\u0131t benzeriyle (\u015fibh\u00fc'l-amd) \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,c) Hataen \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,d) Kas\u0131tla i\u015flenilen m\u00fcessir fiil,e) Hataen i\u015flenilen m\u00fcessir fiil.M\u00fcessir fiilden maksat, \u015fah\u0131s aleyhine i\u015flenilen, fakat \u00f6l\u00fcmle neticelenmeyen yaralanma ve darb gibi haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131lard\u0131r.\u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 genellikle bu k\u0131sm\u0131 \u201ccinayetler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda incelerler. Bunda fakihlerin cinayet kelimesini kullanmay\u0131 \u00e2det edini\u015flerinin etkisi vard\u0131r(2). Fakat baz\u0131 fakihler yaralama \u201c\u201ccer\u00e2h\u201d\u0131n daha \u00e7ok meydana geldi\u011fini, i\u015flendi\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak bu k\u0131sm\u0131 yaralamalar \u201ccer\u00e2h\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ele alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r(3). Baz\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 da m\u00fcessir fiil sonucu meydana gelen kanamalara bakarak bu k\u0131sm\u0131, kanlar \u201c\u201cdim\u00e2, dem\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda mevzubahis etmi\u015flerdir. (4)3. Ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131:Bunlar, bir veya daha \u00e7ok ta'zir cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lard\u0131r. Ta'zirin manas\u0131, te'dib, usland\u0131rma, terbiye edip yola getirmektir. \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku ana kay naklar\u0131 her ta'zir su\u00e7una bir ta'zir cezas\u0131 tayin ve tespit etmi\u015f &z\u011fildir. En hafif bir ceza ile ba\u015flay\u0131p en \u015fiddetlisiyle sona eren bu su\u00e7lardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tespit ile iktifa etmi\u015f; h\u00e2kime, su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi ve su\u00e7lunun i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u015fartlara uygun olarak her su\u00e7 i\u00e7in ceza ve cezalar\u0131 se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan her bir su\u00e7 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 cezalar tespit edilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.Hadd, k\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki gibi ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131 belli de\u011fildir ve belirlenmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Emanete h\u0131yanet, faiz, s\u00f6vme, r\u00fc\u015fvet... gibi her zaman su\u00e7 say\u0131lan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131kh\u0131 ana kaynaklar\u0131 su\u00e7 olarak belirtmi\u015ftir. .Ta'zir cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren fiillerin en \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7 te\u015fkil edip etmedi\u011fine karar verme hakk\u0131 yetkililere b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131n, yine de ne gibi fiillerin ta'zir su\u00e7u olu\u015fturdu\u011funu tespit i\u015finde yetkililere s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir takdir yetkisi ve h\u00fcrriyeti tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez. Yasaklama, \u00e2mme d\u00fczeninin, toplumun genel durumunun gerektirdi\u011fi nispette olmal\u0131; \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131, genel ilkeleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fkili olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.Devlet yetkililerine, bu as\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n kanun yapma yetkisi tan\u0131mas\u0131ndan maksat; kendilerine, toplumu tanzim ve do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde sevk ve idare edebilmeleri; toplumun yararlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyup, m\u00fcdafaa edip ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durumlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulabilme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131makt\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n ana kaynaklar\u0131nda, hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunan su\u00e7larla, yetkililerin yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiiller aras\u0131ndaki fark \u015fudur: \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiil daima yasakt\u0131r, serbest bir fiil olarak kabul edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir, bu asla do\u011fru olmaz. Fakat devlet yetkililerinin bug\u00fcn yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fiil, kamu yarar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finde, yar\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131labilir. K\u00dbL\u00db LA \u0130LAHE \u0130LLALLAH, TUFL\u0130H\u00db! (La ilahe illallah deyiniz, kurtulunuz! )ELHAMDUL\u0130LLAH\u0130RABB\u0130LALEM\u0130N1) Feth\u00fc-Kadir, c.4\/112-113. el-\u0130kn\u00e2, c.4\/244., el-Ahk\u00e2mu's-Sult\u00e2niyye, 5.192-195, K\u00e2s\u00e2ni Bed\u00e2iu's-San\u00e2i, c.7\/33-56, 2.bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1328\/1910.2) Bed\u00e2iu's-San\u00e2i, c.7\/233. el-Ikn\u00e2, c.4\/162. el-B\u00fcceyremi, S\u00fcleyman b. \u00d6mer, Ha\u015fiyet\u00fc\u201dl-B\u00fcceyremialel-minhac, c.4\/129, M\u0131s\u0131r 1369.3) el-Heysemi, \u015eihab\u00fcddin Ahmed, Tuhfet\u00fc\u201d1-Muhtac, c.4\/1, M\u0131s\u0131r 1319. \u0130bnu Oudame, el-Mu\u011fni,c.9\/318, 3.bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1317.4) el-Hatt\u00e2b Ebu Abdillah, Mevahib\u00fc\u201d!-Celil, c.6\/230, 1. bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1328.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ebrar Medya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ebrarmedyacom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-12-31T08:17:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ZAFER-G\u00dcVEN.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"730\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"360\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Zafer G\u00dcVEN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ebrarmedyacom\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ebrarmedyacom\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Zafer G\u00dcVEN\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Zafer G\u00dcVEN\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/#\/schema\/person\/5a53b218dd86d97f12db00b5e1bcc3ce\"},\"headline\":\"\u0130SLAM’DA SU\u00c7 VE \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-12-31T08:17:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-12-31T08:17:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/\"},\"wordCount\":1378,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"MAKALELER\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/\",\"name\":\"\u0130SLAM'DA SU\u00c7 VE \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130 Nedir? • Ebrar Medya\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-12-31T08:17:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-12-31T08:17:27+00:00\",\"description\":\"B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hikmetlerinin emsalsizli\u011fi ak\u0131llar\u0131 ma\u011flup eden, delillerinin inceli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri yenen, sanat\u0131ndaki deh\u015fet ve harikas\u0131 ink\u00e2rc\u0131lara mazeret b\u0131rakmayan ve delillerinin dilleri k\u00e2inat\u0131n kulaklar\u0131na \u2018\u2019 Allahtan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 bir ilah yoktur\u2019\u2019 diye hayk\u0131ran Allah\u2019a hamdolsun. Salat ve selam da Efendimiz, \u00d6nderimiz ve Rehberimiz olan Hz. Muhammed(sav) \u2018e, a\u2019line, ashab\u0131na ve onun izinden giden \u00fcmmetine olsun.Yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olma ve cezay\u0131 gerektiren bir fiil niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan birisi di\u011feriyle birle\u015firse de, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6nden kendilerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden fiiller \u00e7e\u015fitlenir ve birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bu bak\u0131mdand\u0131r ki, c\u00fcr\u00fcm olu\u015fturan fiillere bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re, onlar\u0131 muhtelif k\u0131s\u0131mlara ve \u00e7e\u015fitlere ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:a) Su\u00e7lara ve onlara terett\u00fcp eden cezalar\u0131n, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131nca; 1- Hadd, 2- K\u0131sas veya diyet 3- Ta'zir cezalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerb) Su\u00e7lunun kasd\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131l\u0131nca 1- Kas\u0131tl\u0131 2-Kas\u0131ts\u0131z su\u00e7larc) Su\u00e7lar\u0131n derhal sabit olup olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re de 1- Me\u015fhud su\u00e7lar 2- Gayr-\u0131 me\u015fhud su\u00e7lar,d) \u0130\u015fleni\u015f metotlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise 1- M\u00fcspet hareketli su\u00e7lar 2- Menfi hareketli su\u00e7lar, 3- Basit su\u00e7lar ve 4- \u0130tiyadi (s\u00fcr\u00fcp giden) su\u00e7lar,e) \u00d6zel mahiyetleri a\u00e7\u0131sindan da 1- Toplum aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar 2- \u015eah\u0131slar aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle siyasi su\u00e7lar ve \u00e2di su\u00e7lar \u015feklindek\u0131s\u0131mlara ayr\u0131l\u0131r.51. Haklar\u0131nda belirlenen cezan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re su\u00e7lar \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r:1. Hadd Su\u00e7lar\u0131:Hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren, hadd cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lard\u0131r: Hadd: Allah (cc)'\u0131n (\u00e2mmenin) hakk\u0131 olarak tespit edilmi\u015f bir cezad\u0131r(1). Tespit edilmi\u015f cezan\u0131n m\u00e2nas\u0131, tayin ve tahdid edilip s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle en az ve en yukar\u0131 haddleri olmayan ceza demektir. Allah'\u0131n hakk\u0131 olu\u015funun m\u00e2nas\u0131 , ne ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ne de topluluk taraf\u0131ndan \u0131skat\u0131n\u0131n (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin), aff\u0131n\u0131n ve azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hak demektir.Kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ve maslahat\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren her ceza \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunda Allah?\u0131n (toplumun) hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kamu yarar\u0131 da, insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak, onlar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Her bir su\u00e7 fiilinin zarar\u0131 sonunda topluma olmaktad\u0131r, toplum huzur ve g\u00fcveni bozulmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla cezas\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131lan fayda da yine toplum i\u00e7indir. O c\u00fcr\u00fcmlere konulan cezalar \u00e2mme menfaat\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmede, fesad\u0131n ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zarar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mede kuvvetli ve m\u00fcessir bir durumun ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Allah hakk\u0131 telakki edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir cezan\u0131n Allah hakk\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131, onun ki\u015filer ve topluluk taraf\u0131ndan \u0131skat edilmemesine (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclememesine) vesile olur.Hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131 bellidir. Hepsi yedi tanedir:a) Zina,b) Zina iftiras\u0131,c) \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7mek,d) H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k,e) Ya\u011fma ve yol kesme,f) Dinden d\u00f6nmek (irtidad),g) Haks\u0131z isyan.\u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131, su\u00e7 kelimesini il\u00e2ve etmeksizin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 mucib su\u00e7lar ve cezalar\u0131n\u0131 da hadd olarak isimlendiriyorlar. Fakat bu su\u00e7lar, kendilerine terett\u00fcp eyleyen hadd cezalar\u0131 ile birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Faraza h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k haddi, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me haddi... denir. Bu s\u00f6zlerle h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k cezas\u0131 veya i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me fiilinin cezas\u0131 kastedilir.2. K\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131:Bunlar da k\u0131sas veya diyetle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerdir. K\u0131sas ve diyetin her biri, fertlerin hakk\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015f ve ma\u011fdurun ya da miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine uygulanan birer cezad\u0131r. Tespit edilmi\u015fli\u011fin anlam\u0131, asgari ve azami haddleri bulunmayan, miktarda esneklik s\u00f6z konusu olmayan bir tek \u015fekilde ve miktarda verilebilen ceza demektir. Fertlerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 sonucu ise, ma\u011fdur ki\u015fi veya miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 isterse su\u00e7luyu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama hakk\u0131na sahiptir. E\u011fer affederse bu af, cezay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.K\u0131sas ve diyet cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ise be\u015ftir:a) Kas\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,b) Kas\u0131t benzeriyle (\u015fibh\u00fc'l-amd) \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,c) Hataen \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,d) Kas\u0131tla i\u015flenilen m\u00fcessir fiil,e) Hataen i\u015flenilen m\u00fcessir fiil.M\u00fcessir fiilden maksat, \u015fah\u0131s aleyhine i\u015flenilen, fakat \u00f6l\u00fcmle neticelenmeyen yaralanma ve darb gibi haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131lard\u0131r.\u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 genellikle bu k\u0131sm\u0131 \u201ccinayetler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda incelerler. Bunda fakihlerin cinayet kelimesini kullanmay\u0131 \u00e2det edini\u015flerinin etkisi vard\u0131r(2). Fakat baz\u0131 fakihler yaralama \u201c\u201ccer\u00e2h\u201d\u0131n daha \u00e7ok meydana geldi\u011fini, i\u015flendi\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak bu k\u0131sm\u0131 yaralamalar \u201ccer\u00e2h\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ele alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r(3). Baz\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 da m\u00fcessir fiil sonucu meydana gelen kanamalara bakarak bu k\u0131sm\u0131, kanlar \u201c\u201cdim\u00e2, dem\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda mevzubahis etmi\u015flerdir. (4)3. Ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131:Bunlar, bir veya daha \u00e7ok ta'zir cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lard\u0131r. Ta'zirin manas\u0131, te'dib, usland\u0131rma, terbiye edip yola getirmektir. \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku ana kay naklar\u0131 her ta'zir su\u00e7una bir ta'zir cezas\u0131 tayin ve tespit etmi\u015f &z\u011fildir. En hafif bir ceza ile ba\u015flay\u0131p en \u015fiddetlisiyle sona eren bu su\u00e7lardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tespit ile iktifa etmi\u015f; h\u00e2kime, su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi ve su\u00e7lunun i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u015fartlara uygun olarak her su\u00e7 i\u00e7in ceza ve cezalar\u0131 se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan her bir su\u00e7 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 cezalar tespit edilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.Hadd, k\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki gibi ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131 belli de\u011fildir ve belirlenmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Emanete h\u0131yanet, faiz, s\u00f6vme, r\u00fc\u015fvet... gibi her zaman su\u00e7 say\u0131lan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131kh\u0131 ana kaynaklar\u0131 su\u00e7 olarak belirtmi\u015ftir. .Ta'zir cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren fiillerin en \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7 te\u015fkil edip etmedi\u011fine karar verme hakk\u0131 yetkililere b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131n, yine de ne gibi fiillerin ta'zir su\u00e7u olu\u015fturdu\u011funu tespit i\u015finde yetkililere s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir takdir yetkisi ve h\u00fcrriyeti tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez. Yasaklama, \u00e2mme d\u00fczeninin, toplumun genel durumunun gerektirdi\u011fi nispette olmal\u0131; \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131, genel ilkeleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fkili olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.Devlet yetkililerine, bu as\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n kanun yapma yetkisi tan\u0131mas\u0131ndan maksat; kendilerine, toplumu tanzim ve do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde sevk ve idare edebilmeleri; toplumun yararlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyup, m\u00fcdafaa edip ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durumlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulabilme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131makt\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n ana kaynaklar\u0131nda, hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunan su\u00e7larla, yetkililerin yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiiller aras\u0131ndaki fark \u015fudur: \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiil daima yasakt\u0131r, serbest bir fiil olarak kabul edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir, bu asla do\u011fru olmaz. Fakat devlet yetkililerinin bug\u00fcn yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fiil, kamu yarar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finde, yar\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131labilir. K\u00dbL\u00db LA \u0130LAHE \u0130LLALLAH, TUFL\u0130H\u00db! (La ilahe illallah deyiniz, kurtulunuz! )ELHAMDUL\u0130LLAH\u0130RABB\u0130LALEM\u0130N1) Feth\u00fc-Kadir, c.4\/112-113. el-\u0130kn\u00e2, c.4\/244., el-Ahk\u00e2mu's-Sult\u00e2niyye, 5.192-195, K\u00e2s\u00e2ni Bed\u00e2iu's-San\u00e2i, c.7\/33-56, 2.bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1328\/1910.2) Bed\u00e2iu's-San\u00e2i, c.7\/233. el-Ikn\u00e2, c.4\/162. el-B\u00fcceyremi, S\u00fcleyman b. \u00d6mer, Ha\u015fiyet\u00fc\u201dl-B\u00fcceyremialel-minhac, c.4\/129, M\u0131s\u0131r 1369.3) el-Heysemi, \u015eihab\u00fcddin Ahmed, Tuhfet\u00fc\u201d1-Muhtac, c.4\/1, M\u0131s\u0131r 1319. \u0130bnu Oudame, el-Mu\u011fni,c.9\/318, 3.bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1317.4) el-Hatt\u00e2b Ebu Abdillah, Mevahib\u00fc\u201d!-Celil, c.6\/230, 1. bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1328.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Ana sayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0130SLAM’DA SU\u00c7 VE \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/\",\"name\":\"Ebrar Medya\",\"description\":\"Tarafs\u0131z De\u011fil, Hakk'tan Taraf\u0131z\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ebrar Medya\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/logo-ebm-2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/logo-ebm-2.png\",\"width\":244,\"height\":90,\"caption\":\"Ebrar Medya\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ebrarmedyacom\/\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ebrarmedyacom\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/ebrarmedyacom\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/ebrar-medya-343157188\/\",\"https:\/\/tr.pinterest.com\/ebrarmedya\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/#\/schema\/person\/5a53b218dd86d97f12db00b5e1bcc3ce\",\"name\":\"Zafer G\u00dcVEN\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cc80007e5f5368f7cad7757750f1b690?s=96&d=wavatar&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cc80007e5f5368f7cad7757750f1b690?s=96&d=wavatar&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Zafer G\u00dcVEN\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/author\/zaferguven\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0130SLAM'DA SU\u00c7 VE \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130 Nedir? • Ebrar Medya","description":"B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hikmetlerinin emsalsizli\u011fi ak\u0131llar\u0131 ma\u011flup eden, delillerinin inceli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri yenen, sanat\u0131ndaki deh\u015fet ve harikas\u0131 ink\u00e2rc\u0131lara mazeret b\u0131rakmayan ve delillerinin dilleri k\u00e2inat\u0131n kulaklar\u0131na \u2018\u2019 Allahtan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 bir ilah yoktur\u2019\u2019 diye hayk\u0131ran Allah\u2019a hamdolsun. Salat ve selam da Efendimiz, \u00d6nderimiz ve Rehberimiz olan Hz. Muhammed(sav) \u2018e, a\u2019line, ashab\u0131na ve onun izinden giden \u00fcmmetine olsun.Yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olma ve cezay\u0131 gerektiren bir fiil niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan birisi di\u011feriyle birle\u015firse de, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6nden kendilerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden fiiller \u00e7e\u015fitlenir ve birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bu bak\u0131mdand\u0131r ki, c\u00fcr\u00fcm olu\u015fturan fiillere bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re, onlar\u0131 muhtelif k\u0131s\u0131mlara ve \u00e7e\u015fitlere ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:a) Su\u00e7lara ve onlara terett\u00fcp eden cezalar\u0131n, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131nca; 1- Hadd, 2- K\u0131sas veya diyet 3- Ta'zir cezalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerb) Su\u00e7lunun kasd\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131l\u0131nca 1- Kas\u0131tl\u0131 2-Kas\u0131ts\u0131z su\u00e7larc) Su\u00e7lar\u0131n derhal sabit olup olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re de 1- Me\u015fhud su\u00e7lar 2- Gayr-\u0131 me\u015fhud su\u00e7lar,d) \u0130\u015fleni\u015f metotlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise 1- M\u00fcspet hareketli su\u00e7lar 2- Menfi hareketli su\u00e7lar, 3- Basit su\u00e7lar ve 4- \u0130tiyadi (s\u00fcr\u00fcp giden) su\u00e7lar,e) \u00d6zel mahiyetleri a\u00e7\u0131sindan da 1- Toplum aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar 2- \u015eah\u0131slar aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle siyasi su\u00e7lar ve \u00e2di su\u00e7lar \u015feklindek\u0131s\u0131mlara ayr\u0131l\u0131r.51. Haklar\u0131nda belirlenen cezan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re su\u00e7lar \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r:1. Hadd Su\u00e7lar\u0131:Hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren, hadd cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lard\u0131r: Hadd: Allah (cc)'\u0131n (\u00e2mmenin) hakk\u0131 olarak tespit edilmi\u015f bir cezad\u0131r(1). Tespit edilmi\u015f cezan\u0131n m\u00e2nas\u0131, tayin ve tahdid edilip s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle en az ve en yukar\u0131 haddleri olmayan ceza demektir. Allah'\u0131n hakk\u0131 olu\u015funun m\u00e2nas\u0131 , ne ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ne de topluluk taraf\u0131ndan \u0131skat\u0131n\u0131n (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin), aff\u0131n\u0131n ve azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hak demektir.Kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ve maslahat\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren her ceza \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunda Allah?\u0131n (toplumun) hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kamu yarar\u0131 da, insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak, onlar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Her bir su\u00e7 fiilinin zarar\u0131 sonunda topluma olmaktad\u0131r, toplum huzur ve g\u00fcveni bozulmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla cezas\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131lan fayda da yine toplum i\u00e7indir. O c\u00fcr\u00fcmlere konulan cezalar \u00e2mme menfaat\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmede, fesad\u0131n ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zarar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mede kuvvetli ve m\u00fcessir bir durumun ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Allah hakk\u0131 telakki edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir cezan\u0131n Allah hakk\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131, onun ki\u015filer ve topluluk taraf\u0131ndan \u0131skat edilmemesine (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclememesine) vesile olur.Hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131 bellidir. Hepsi yedi tanedir:a) Zina,b) Zina iftiras\u0131,c) \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7mek,d) H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k,e) Ya\u011fma ve yol kesme,f) Dinden d\u00f6nmek (irtidad),g) Haks\u0131z isyan.\u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131, su\u00e7 kelimesini il\u00e2ve etmeksizin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 mucib su\u00e7lar ve cezalar\u0131n\u0131 da hadd olarak isimlendiriyorlar. Fakat bu su\u00e7lar, kendilerine terett\u00fcp eyleyen hadd cezalar\u0131 ile birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Faraza h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k haddi, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me haddi... denir. Bu s\u00f6zlerle h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k cezas\u0131 veya i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me fiilinin cezas\u0131 kastedilir.2. K\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131:Bunlar da k\u0131sas veya diyetle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerdir. K\u0131sas ve diyetin her biri, fertlerin hakk\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015f ve ma\u011fdurun ya da miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine uygulanan birer cezad\u0131r. Tespit edilmi\u015fli\u011fin anlam\u0131, asgari ve azami haddleri bulunmayan, miktarda esneklik s\u00f6z konusu olmayan bir tek \u015fekilde ve miktarda verilebilen ceza demektir. Fertlerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 sonucu ise, ma\u011fdur ki\u015fi veya miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 isterse su\u00e7luyu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama hakk\u0131na sahiptir. E\u011fer affederse bu af, cezay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.K\u0131sas ve diyet cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ise be\u015ftir:a) Kas\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,b) Kas\u0131t benzeriyle (\u015fibh\u00fc'l-amd) \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,c) Hataen \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,d) Kas\u0131tla i\u015flenilen m\u00fcessir fiil,e) Hataen i\u015flenilen m\u00fcessir fiil.M\u00fcessir fiilden maksat, \u015fah\u0131s aleyhine i\u015flenilen, fakat \u00f6l\u00fcmle neticelenmeyen yaralanma ve darb gibi haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131lard\u0131r.\u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 genellikle bu k\u0131sm\u0131 \u201ccinayetler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda incelerler. Bunda fakihlerin cinayet kelimesini kullanmay\u0131 \u00e2det edini\u015flerinin etkisi vard\u0131r(2). Fakat baz\u0131 fakihler yaralama \u201c\u201ccer\u00e2h\u201d\u0131n daha \u00e7ok meydana geldi\u011fini, i\u015flendi\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak bu k\u0131sm\u0131 yaralamalar \u201ccer\u00e2h\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ele alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r(3). Baz\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 da m\u00fcessir fiil sonucu meydana gelen kanamalara bakarak bu k\u0131sm\u0131, kanlar \u201c\u201cdim\u00e2, dem\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda mevzubahis etmi\u015flerdir. (4)3. Ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131:Bunlar, bir veya daha \u00e7ok ta'zir cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lard\u0131r. Ta'zirin manas\u0131, te'dib, usland\u0131rma, terbiye edip yola getirmektir. \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku ana kay naklar\u0131 her ta'zir su\u00e7una bir ta'zir cezas\u0131 tayin ve tespit etmi\u015f &z\u011fildir. En hafif bir ceza ile ba\u015flay\u0131p en \u015fiddetlisiyle sona eren bu su\u00e7lardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tespit ile iktifa etmi\u015f; h\u00e2kime, su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi ve su\u00e7lunun i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u015fartlara uygun olarak her su\u00e7 i\u00e7in ceza ve cezalar\u0131 se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan her bir su\u00e7 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 cezalar tespit edilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.Hadd, k\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki gibi ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131 belli de\u011fildir ve belirlenmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Emanete h\u0131yanet, faiz, s\u00f6vme, r\u00fc\u015fvet... gibi her zaman su\u00e7 say\u0131lan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131kh\u0131 ana kaynaklar\u0131 su\u00e7 olarak belirtmi\u015ftir. .Ta'zir cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren fiillerin en \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7 te\u015fkil edip etmedi\u011fine karar verme hakk\u0131 yetkililere b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131n, yine de ne gibi fiillerin ta'zir su\u00e7u olu\u015fturdu\u011funu tespit i\u015finde yetkililere s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir takdir yetkisi ve h\u00fcrriyeti tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez. Yasaklama, \u00e2mme d\u00fczeninin, toplumun genel durumunun gerektirdi\u011fi nispette olmal\u0131; \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131, genel ilkeleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fkili olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.Devlet yetkililerine, bu as\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n kanun yapma yetkisi tan\u0131mas\u0131ndan maksat; kendilerine, toplumu tanzim ve do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde sevk ve idare edebilmeleri; toplumun yararlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyup, m\u00fcdafaa edip ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durumlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulabilme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131makt\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n ana kaynaklar\u0131nda, hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunan su\u00e7larla, yetkililerin yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiiller aras\u0131ndaki fark \u015fudur: \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiil daima yasakt\u0131r, serbest bir fiil olarak kabul edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir, bu asla do\u011fru olmaz. Fakat devlet yetkililerinin bug\u00fcn yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fiil, kamu yarar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finde, yar\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131labilir. K\u00dbL\u00db LA \u0130LAHE \u0130LLALLAH, TUFL\u0130H\u00db! (La ilahe illallah deyiniz, kurtulunuz! )ELHAMDUL\u0130LLAH\u0130RABB\u0130LALEM\u0130N1) Feth\u00fc-Kadir, c.4\/112-113. el-\u0130kn\u00e2, c.4\/244., el-Ahk\u00e2mu's-Sult\u00e2niyye, 5.192-195, K\u00e2s\u00e2ni Bed\u00e2iu's-San\u00e2i, c.7\/33-56, 2.bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1328\/1910.2) Bed\u00e2iu's-San\u00e2i, c.7\/233. el-Ikn\u00e2, c.4\/162. el-B\u00fcceyremi, S\u00fcleyman b. \u00d6mer, Ha\u015fiyet\u00fc\u201dl-B\u00fcceyremialel-minhac, c.4\/129, M\u0131s\u0131r 1369.3) el-Heysemi, \u015eihab\u00fcddin Ahmed, Tuhfet\u00fc\u201d1-Muhtac, c.4\/1, M\u0131s\u0131r 1319. \u0130bnu Oudame, el-Mu\u011fni,c.9\/318, 3.bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1317.4) el-Hatt\u00e2b Ebu Abdillah, Mevahib\u00fc\u201d!-Celil, c.6\/230, 1. bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1328.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0130SLAM'DA SU\u00c7 VE \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130 Nedir? • Ebrar Medya","og_description":"B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hikmetlerinin emsalsizli\u011fi ak\u0131llar\u0131 ma\u011flup eden, delillerinin inceli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri yenen, sanat\u0131ndaki deh\u015fet ve harikas\u0131 ink\u00e2rc\u0131lara mazeret b\u0131rakmayan ve delillerinin dilleri k\u00e2inat\u0131n kulaklar\u0131na \u2018\u2019 Allahtan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 bir ilah yoktur\u2019\u2019 diye hayk\u0131ran Allah\u2019a hamdolsun. Salat ve selam da Efendimiz, \u00d6nderimiz ve Rehberimiz olan Hz. Muhammed(sav) \u2018e, a\u2019line, ashab\u0131na ve onun izinden giden \u00fcmmetine olsun.Yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olma ve cezay\u0131 gerektiren bir fiil niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan birisi di\u011feriyle birle\u015firse de, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6nden kendilerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden fiiller \u00e7e\u015fitlenir ve birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bu bak\u0131mdand\u0131r ki, c\u00fcr\u00fcm olu\u015fturan fiillere bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re, onlar\u0131 muhtelif k\u0131s\u0131mlara ve \u00e7e\u015fitlere ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:a) Su\u00e7lara ve onlara terett\u00fcp eden cezalar\u0131n, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131nca; 1- Hadd, 2- K\u0131sas veya diyet 3- Ta'zir cezalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerb) Su\u00e7lunun kasd\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131l\u0131nca 1- Kas\u0131tl\u0131 2-Kas\u0131ts\u0131z su\u00e7larc) Su\u00e7lar\u0131n derhal sabit olup olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re de 1- Me\u015fhud su\u00e7lar 2- Gayr-\u0131 me\u015fhud su\u00e7lar,d) \u0130\u015fleni\u015f metotlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise 1- M\u00fcspet hareketli su\u00e7lar 2- Menfi hareketli su\u00e7lar, 3- Basit su\u00e7lar ve 4- \u0130tiyadi (s\u00fcr\u00fcp giden) su\u00e7lar,e) \u00d6zel mahiyetleri a\u00e7\u0131sindan da 1- Toplum aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar 2- \u015eah\u0131slar aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle siyasi su\u00e7lar ve \u00e2di su\u00e7lar \u015feklindek\u0131s\u0131mlara ayr\u0131l\u0131r.51. Haklar\u0131nda belirlenen cezan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re su\u00e7lar \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r:1. Hadd Su\u00e7lar\u0131:Hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren, hadd cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lard\u0131r: Hadd: Allah (cc)'\u0131n (\u00e2mmenin) hakk\u0131 olarak tespit edilmi\u015f bir cezad\u0131r(1). Tespit edilmi\u015f cezan\u0131n m\u00e2nas\u0131, tayin ve tahdid edilip s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle en az ve en yukar\u0131 haddleri olmayan ceza demektir. Allah'\u0131n hakk\u0131 olu\u015funun m\u00e2nas\u0131 , ne ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ne de topluluk taraf\u0131ndan \u0131skat\u0131n\u0131n (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin), aff\u0131n\u0131n ve azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hak demektir.Kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ve maslahat\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren her ceza \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunda Allah?\u0131n (toplumun) hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kamu yarar\u0131 da, insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak, onlar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Her bir su\u00e7 fiilinin zarar\u0131 sonunda topluma olmaktad\u0131r, toplum huzur ve g\u00fcveni bozulmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla cezas\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131lan fayda da yine toplum i\u00e7indir. O c\u00fcr\u00fcmlere konulan cezalar \u00e2mme menfaat\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmede, fesad\u0131n ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zarar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mede kuvvetli ve m\u00fcessir bir durumun ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Allah hakk\u0131 telakki edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir cezan\u0131n Allah hakk\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131, onun ki\u015filer ve topluluk taraf\u0131ndan \u0131skat edilmemesine (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclememesine) vesile olur.Hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131 bellidir. Hepsi yedi tanedir:a) Zina,b) Zina iftiras\u0131,c) \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7mek,d) H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k,e) Ya\u011fma ve yol kesme,f) Dinden d\u00f6nmek (irtidad),g) Haks\u0131z isyan.\u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131, su\u00e7 kelimesini il\u00e2ve etmeksizin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 mucib su\u00e7lar ve cezalar\u0131n\u0131 da hadd olarak isimlendiriyorlar. Fakat bu su\u00e7lar, kendilerine terett\u00fcp eyleyen hadd cezalar\u0131 ile birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Faraza h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k haddi, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me haddi... denir. Bu s\u00f6zlerle h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k cezas\u0131 veya i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me fiilinin cezas\u0131 kastedilir.2. K\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131:Bunlar da k\u0131sas veya diyetle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerdir. K\u0131sas ve diyetin her biri, fertlerin hakk\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015f ve ma\u011fdurun ya da miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine uygulanan birer cezad\u0131r. Tespit edilmi\u015fli\u011fin anlam\u0131, asgari ve azami haddleri bulunmayan, miktarda esneklik s\u00f6z konusu olmayan bir tek \u015fekilde ve miktarda verilebilen ceza demektir. Fertlerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 sonucu ise, ma\u011fdur ki\u015fi veya miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 isterse su\u00e7luyu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama hakk\u0131na sahiptir. E\u011fer affederse bu af, cezay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.K\u0131sas ve diyet cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ise be\u015ftir:a) Kas\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,b) Kas\u0131t benzeriyle (\u015fibh\u00fc'l-amd) \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,c) Hataen \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,d) Kas\u0131tla i\u015flenilen m\u00fcessir fiil,e) Hataen i\u015flenilen m\u00fcessir fiil.M\u00fcessir fiilden maksat, \u015fah\u0131s aleyhine i\u015flenilen, fakat \u00f6l\u00fcmle neticelenmeyen yaralanma ve darb gibi haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131lard\u0131r.\u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 genellikle bu k\u0131sm\u0131 \u201ccinayetler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda incelerler. Bunda fakihlerin cinayet kelimesini kullanmay\u0131 \u00e2det edini\u015flerinin etkisi vard\u0131r(2). Fakat baz\u0131 fakihler yaralama \u201c\u201ccer\u00e2h\u201d\u0131n daha \u00e7ok meydana geldi\u011fini, i\u015flendi\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak bu k\u0131sm\u0131 yaralamalar \u201ccer\u00e2h\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ele alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r(3). Baz\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 da m\u00fcessir fiil sonucu meydana gelen kanamalara bakarak bu k\u0131sm\u0131, kanlar \u201c\u201cdim\u00e2, dem\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda mevzubahis etmi\u015flerdir. (4)3. Ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131:Bunlar, bir veya daha \u00e7ok ta'zir cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lard\u0131r. Ta'zirin manas\u0131, te'dib, usland\u0131rma, terbiye edip yola getirmektir. \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku ana kay naklar\u0131 her ta'zir su\u00e7una bir ta'zir cezas\u0131 tayin ve tespit etmi\u015f &z\u011fildir. En hafif bir ceza ile ba\u015flay\u0131p en \u015fiddetlisiyle sona eren bu su\u00e7lardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tespit ile iktifa etmi\u015f; h\u00e2kime, su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi ve su\u00e7lunun i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u015fartlara uygun olarak her su\u00e7 i\u00e7in ceza ve cezalar\u0131 se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan her bir su\u00e7 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 cezalar tespit edilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.Hadd, k\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki gibi ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131 belli de\u011fildir ve belirlenmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Emanete h\u0131yanet, faiz, s\u00f6vme, r\u00fc\u015fvet... gibi her zaman su\u00e7 say\u0131lan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131kh\u0131 ana kaynaklar\u0131 su\u00e7 olarak belirtmi\u015ftir. .Ta'zir cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren fiillerin en \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7 te\u015fkil edip etmedi\u011fine karar verme hakk\u0131 yetkililere b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131n, yine de ne gibi fiillerin ta'zir su\u00e7u olu\u015fturdu\u011funu tespit i\u015finde yetkililere s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir takdir yetkisi ve h\u00fcrriyeti tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez. Yasaklama, \u00e2mme d\u00fczeninin, toplumun genel durumunun gerektirdi\u011fi nispette olmal\u0131; \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131, genel ilkeleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fkili olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.Devlet yetkililerine, bu as\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n kanun yapma yetkisi tan\u0131mas\u0131ndan maksat; kendilerine, toplumu tanzim ve do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde sevk ve idare edebilmeleri; toplumun yararlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyup, m\u00fcdafaa edip ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durumlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulabilme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131makt\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n ana kaynaklar\u0131nda, hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunan su\u00e7larla, yetkililerin yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiiller aras\u0131ndaki fark \u015fudur: \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiil daima yasakt\u0131r, serbest bir fiil olarak kabul edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir, bu asla do\u011fru olmaz. Fakat devlet yetkililerinin bug\u00fcn yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fiil, kamu yarar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finde, yar\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131labilir. K\u00dbL\u00db LA \u0130LAHE \u0130LLALLAH, TUFL\u0130H\u00db! (La ilahe illallah deyiniz, kurtulunuz! )ELHAMDUL\u0130LLAH\u0130RABB\u0130LALEM\u0130N1) Feth\u00fc-Kadir, c.4\/112-113. el-\u0130kn\u00e2, c.4\/244., el-Ahk\u00e2mu's-Sult\u00e2niyye, 5.192-195, K\u00e2s\u00e2ni Bed\u00e2iu's-San\u00e2i, c.7\/33-56, 2.bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1328\/1910.2) Bed\u00e2iu's-San\u00e2i, c.7\/233. el-Ikn\u00e2, c.4\/162. el-B\u00fcceyremi, S\u00fcleyman b. \u00d6mer, Ha\u015fiyet\u00fc\u201dl-B\u00fcceyremialel-minhac, c.4\/129, M\u0131s\u0131r 1369.3) el-Heysemi, \u015eihab\u00fcddin Ahmed, Tuhfet\u00fc\u201d1-Muhtac, c.4\/1, M\u0131s\u0131r 1319. \u0130bnu Oudame, el-Mu\u011fni,c.9\/318, 3.bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1317.4) el-Hatt\u00e2b Ebu Abdillah, Mevahib\u00fc\u201d!-Celil, c.6\/230, 1. bask\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r 1328.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/","og_site_name":"Ebrar Medya","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ebrarmedyacom\/","article_published_time":"2019-12-31T08:17:27+00:00","og_image":[{"width":730,"height":360,"url":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ZAFER-G\u00dcVEN.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Zafer G\u00dcVEN","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ebrarmedyacom","twitter_site":"@ebrarmedyacom","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"Zafer G\u00dcVEN","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"7 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/"},"author":{"name":"Zafer G\u00dcVEN","@id":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/#\/schema\/person\/5a53b218dd86d97f12db00b5e1bcc3ce"},"headline":"\u0130SLAM’DA SU\u00c7 VE \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130","datePublished":"2019-12-31T08:17:27+00:00","dateModified":"2019-12-31T08:17:27+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/"},"wordCount":1378,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/#organization"},"articleSection":["MAKALELER"],"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/islamda-suc-ve-cesitleri\/","name":"\u0130SLAM'DA SU\u00c7 VE \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130 Nedir? • Ebrar Medya","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2019-12-31T08:17:27+00:00","dateModified":"2019-12-31T08:17:27+00:00","description":"B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hikmetlerinin emsalsizli\u011fi ak\u0131llar\u0131 ma\u011flup eden, delillerinin inceli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri yenen, sanat\u0131ndaki deh\u015fet ve harikas\u0131 ink\u00e2rc\u0131lara mazeret b\u0131rakmayan ve delillerinin dilleri k\u00e2inat\u0131n kulaklar\u0131na \u2018\u2019 Allahtan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 bir ilah yoktur\u2019\u2019 diye hayk\u0131ran Allah\u2019a hamdolsun. Salat ve selam da Efendimiz, \u00d6nderimiz ve Rehberimiz olan Hz. Muhammed(sav) \u2018e, a\u2019line, ashab\u0131na ve onun izinden giden \u00fcmmetine olsun.Yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olma ve cezay\u0131 gerektiren bir fiil niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan birisi di\u011feriyle birle\u015firse de, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6nden kendilerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden fiiller \u00e7e\u015fitlenir ve birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bu bak\u0131mdand\u0131r ki, c\u00fcr\u00fcm olu\u015fturan fiillere bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re, onlar\u0131 muhtelif k\u0131s\u0131mlara ve \u00e7e\u015fitlere ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:a) Su\u00e7lara ve onlara terett\u00fcp eden cezalar\u0131n, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131nca; 1- Hadd, 2- K\u0131sas veya diyet 3- Ta'zir cezalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerb) Su\u00e7lunun kasd\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131l\u0131nca 1- Kas\u0131tl\u0131 2-Kas\u0131ts\u0131z su\u00e7larc) Su\u00e7lar\u0131n derhal sabit olup olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re de 1- Me\u015fhud su\u00e7lar 2- Gayr-\u0131 me\u015fhud su\u00e7lar,d) \u0130\u015fleni\u015f metotlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise 1- M\u00fcspet hareketli su\u00e7lar 2- Menfi hareketli su\u00e7lar, 3- Basit su\u00e7lar ve 4- \u0130tiyadi (s\u00fcr\u00fcp giden) su\u00e7lar,e) \u00d6zel mahiyetleri a\u00e7\u0131sindan da 1- Toplum aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar 2- \u015eah\u0131slar aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle siyasi su\u00e7lar ve \u00e2di su\u00e7lar \u015feklindek\u0131s\u0131mlara ayr\u0131l\u0131r.51. Haklar\u0131nda belirlenen cezan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re su\u00e7lar \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r:1. Hadd Su\u00e7lar\u0131:Hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren, hadd cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lard\u0131r: Hadd: Allah (cc)'\u0131n (\u00e2mmenin) hakk\u0131 olarak tespit edilmi\u015f bir cezad\u0131r(1). Tespit edilmi\u015f cezan\u0131n m\u00e2nas\u0131, tayin ve tahdid edilip s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle en az ve en yukar\u0131 haddleri olmayan ceza demektir. Allah'\u0131n hakk\u0131 olu\u015funun m\u00e2nas\u0131 , ne ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ne de topluluk taraf\u0131ndan \u0131skat\u0131n\u0131n (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin), aff\u0131n\u0131n ve azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hak demektir.Kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ve maslahat\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren her ceza \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunda Allah?\u0131n (toplumun) hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kamu yarar\u0131 da, insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak, onlar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Her bir su\u00e7 fiilinin zarar\u0131 sonunda topluma olmaktad\u0131r, toplum huzur ve g\u00fcveni bozulmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla cezas\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131lan fayda da yine toplum i\u00e7indir. O c\u00fcr\u00fcmlere konulan cezalar \u00e2mme menfaat\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmede, fesad\u0131n ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zarar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mede kuvvetli ve m\u00fcessir bir durumun ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Allah hakk\u0131 telakki edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir cezan\u0131n Allah hakk\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131, onun ki\u015filer ve topluluk taraf\u0131ndan \u0131skat edilmemesine (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclememesine) vesile olur.Hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131 bellidir. Hepsi yedi tanedir:a) Zina,b) Zina iftiras\u0131,c) \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7mek,d) H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k,e) Ya\u011fma ve yol kesme,f) Dinden d\u00f6nmek (irtidad),g) Haks\u0131z isyan.\u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131, su\u00e7 kelimesini il\u00e2ve etmeksizin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya hadd cezas\u0131n\u0131 mucib su\u00e7lar ve cezalar\u0131n\u0131 da hadd olarak isimlendiriyorlar. Fakat bu su\u00e7lar, kendilerine terett\u00fcp eyleyen hadd cezalar\u0131 ile birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Faraza h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k haddi, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me haddi... denir. Bu s\u00f6zlerle h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k cezas\u0131 veya i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me fiilinin cezas\u0131 kastedilir.2. K\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131:Bunlar da k\u0131sas veya diyetle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerdir. K\u0131sas ve diyetin her biri, fertlerin hakk\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015f ve ma\u011fdurun ya da miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine uygulanan birer cezad\u0131r. Tespit edilmi\u015fli\u011fin anlam\u0131, asgari ve azami haddleri bulunmayan, miktarda esneklik s\u00f6z konusu olmayan bir tek \u015fekilde ve miktarda verilebilen ceza demektir. Fertlerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 sonucu ise, ma\u011fdur ki\u015fi veya miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 isterse su\u00e7luyu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama hakk\u0131na sahiptir. E\u011fer affederse bu af, cezay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.K\u0131sas ve diyet cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ise be\u015ftir:a) Kas\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,b) Kas\u0131t benzeriyle (\u015fibh\u00fc'l-amd) \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,c) Hataen \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek,d) Kas\u0131tla i\u015flenilen m\u00fcessir fiil,e) Hataen i\u015flenilen m\u00fcessir fiil.M\u00fcessir fiilden maksat, \u015fah\u0131s aleyhine i\u015flenilen, fakat \u00f6l\u00fcmle neticelenmeyen yaralanma ve darb gibi haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131lard\u0131r.\u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 genellikle bu k\u0131sm\u0131 \u201ccinayetler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda incelerler. Bunda fakihlerin cinayet kelimesini kullanmay\u0131 \u00e2det edini\u015flerinin etkisi vard\u0131r(2). Fakat baz\u0131 fakihler yaralama \u201c\u201ccer\u00e2h\u201d\u0131n daha \u00e7ok meydana geldi\u011fini, i\u015flendi\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak bu k\u0131sm\u0131 yaralamalar \u201ccer\u00e2h\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ele alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r(3). Baz\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 da m\u00fcessir fiil sonucu meydana gelen kanamalara bakarak bu k\u0131sm\u0131, kanlar \u201c\u201cdim\u00e2, dem\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda mevzubahis etmi\u015flerdir. (4)3. Ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131:Bunlar, bir veya daha \u00e7ok ta'zir cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan su\u00e7lard\u0131r. Ta'zirin manas\u0131, te'dib, usland\u0131rma, terbiye edip yola getirmektir. \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku ana kay naklar\u0131 her ta'zir su\u00e7una bir ta'zir cezas\u0131 tayin ve tespit etmi\u015f &z\u011fildir. En hafif bir ceza ile ba\u015flay\u0131p en \u015fiddetlisiyle sona eren bu su\u00e7lardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tespit ile iktifa etmi\u015f; h\u00e2kime, su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi ve su\u00e7lunun i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u015fartlara uygun olarak her su\u00e7 i\u00e7in ceza ve cezalar\u0131 se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan her bir su\u00e7 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 cezalar tespit edilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.Hadd, k\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki gibi ta'zir su\u00e7lar\u0131 belli de\u011fildir ve belirlenmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Emanete h\u0131yanet, faiz, s\u00f6vme, r\u00fc\u015fvet... gibi her zaman su\u00e7 say\u0131lan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131kh\u0131 ana kaynaklar\u0131 su\u00e7 olarak belirtmi\u015ftir. .Ta'zir cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren fiillerin en \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7 te\u015fkil edip etmedi\u011fine karar verme hakk\u0131 yetkililere b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131n, yine de ne gibi fiillerin ta'zir su\u00e7u olu\u015fturdu\u011funu tespit i\u015finde yetkililere s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir takdir yetkisi ve h\u00fcrriyeti tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez. Yasaklama, \u00e2mme d\u00fczeninin, toplumun genel durumunun gerektirdi\u011fi nispette olmal\u0131; \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131, genel ilkeleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fkili olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.Devlet yetkililerine, bu as\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n kanun yapma yetkisi tan\u0131mas\u0131ndan maksat; kendilerine, toplumu tanzim ve do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde sevk ve idare edebilmeleri; toplumun yararlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyup, m\u00fcdafaa edip ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durumlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulabilme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131makt\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n ana kaynaklar\u0131nda, hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunan su\u00e7larla, yetkililerin yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiiller aras\u0131ndaki fark \u015fudur: \u0130sl\u00e2m'\u0131n yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiil daima yasakt\u0131r, serbest bir fiil olarak kabul edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir, bu asla do\u011fru olmaz. Fakat devlet yetkililerinin bug\u00fcn yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fiil, kamu yarar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finde, yar\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131labilir. K\u00dbL\u00db LA \u0130LAHE \u0130LLALLAH, TUFL\u0130H\u00db! 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