\u00ees\u00e2r<\/strong>\u00a0ahl\u00e2k terimi olarak \u201cbir kimsenin, kendisi ihtiya\u00e7 i\u00e7inde bulunsa bile sahip oldu\u011fu imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere kullanmas\u0131, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n yarar\u0131 i\u00e7in fedak\u00e2rl\u0131kta bulunmas\u0131\u201d demektir. C\u00fcrc\u00e2n\u00ee \u00ees\u00e2r\u0131, \u201cki\u015finin ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n yarar ve \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n\u0131 kendi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131na tercih etmesi veya bir zarardan \u00f6ncelikle onu korumas\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde tarif ederek bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n din karde\u015fli\u011finin en ileri derecesi oldu\u011funu belirtir.<\/p>\n\u00ces\u00e2r kavram\u0131 Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de d\u00f6rt \u00e2yette (Y\u00fbsuf 12\/91; T\u00e2h\u00e2 20\/72; en-N\u00e2zi\u00e2t 79\/38; el-A\u2018l\u00e2 87\/16) s\u00f6zl\u00fck m\u00e2nas\u0131nda, bir \u00e2yette de (el-Ha\u015fr 59\/9) terim anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kelime ayn\u0131 m\u00e2nada hadislerde de ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00ces\u00e2r\u0131n terim anlam\u0131na esas olarak g\u00f6sterilen \u00e2yette, b\u00fct\u00fcn mal varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Mekke\u2019de b\u0131rakarak Medine\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalan Hz. Peygamber\u2019i ve di\u011fer muhacirleri \u015fefkatle kucaklay\u0131p mal varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 onlarla payla\u015fmaktan \u00e7ekinmeyen Medineli m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar (ensar) \u00f6vg\u00fcyle an\u0131lmakta, \u00e2yette onlar\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131nda m\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumun baz\u0131 temel m\u00e2nev\u00ee ve ahl\u00e2k\u00ee \u00f6zelliklerine temas edilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u00f6ncelikle iman\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcllerine yerle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir; ayr\u0131ca muhacirler gibi zor durumda kal\u0131p kendi beldelerine gelenleri severler; din karde\u015flerine kendilerinden daha fazla imk\u00e2n sa\u011flanmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 i\u00e7lerinde k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k duymazlar; nihayet ihtiya\u00e7 i\u00e7inde olsalar dahi onlar\u0131 kendilerine tercih eder, \u015fahs\u00ee menfaatlerinden, zevklerinden fedak\u00e2rl\u0131kta bulunurlar.Hakikaten bu durumda sahabeyi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurdu\u011fumuzda onlar\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 nas\u0131l kendi nefislerine tercih etti\u011fini g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Hatta buna \u015fu \u00f6rne\u011fi de verirsek daha iyi anlar\u0131z;<\/p>\n
Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir in halifeli\u011fi esnas\u0131nda (H.13\/ M. 634) cereyan eden Yermuk Muh\u00e2rebesi nde sahabeler, hem kahramanl\u0131k, hem fazilet tablolar\u0131 sergilemi\u015flerdi. O\u00a0 muh\u00e2rebede bir kere daha ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan “\u00ees\u00e2r hasleti”nin en parlak \u00f6rne\u011fine bakal\u0131m:Hz. Huzeyfe\u00a0 (ra) anlat\u0131yor: Sava\u015f\u0131n bitiminde, yaral\u0131lar aras\u0131nda amcas\u0131 o\u011flu H\u00e2ris i aramaktad\u0131r. Harp sahas\u0131n\u0131 gezerken amca o\u011flunu a\u011f\u0131r yaral\u0131 vaziyette bulur. Ona “su istiyor musun?” der. Amca o\u011flunun konu\u015fmaya dahi mecali yoktur. G\u00f6z i\u015faretiyle istedi\u011fini belirtir. Hz. Huzeyfe, k\u0131rban\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p amcas\u0131 o\u011flunun a\u011fz\u0131na uzatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada, di\u011fer yaral\u0131lar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan \u0130krime nin sesi duyulur: “Su! Su!” diye inleyen sesi i\u015fiten H\u00e2ris, kendisine uzat\u0131lan suyu i\u00e7mez ve ka\u015f g\u00f6z i\u015faretiyle suyun \u0130krime ye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesini ister. Huzeyfe, elinde su k\u0131rbas\u0131 ile \u0130krime nin yan\u0131na ko\u015far. Tam k\u0131rbay\u0131 uzatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada bu defa, Hz. Iya\u015f \u0131n iniltisi duyulur: “Ne olur bir damla su verin! Allah r\u0131zas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir damla su!” Bu sesi i\u015fiten \u0130krime suyu i\u00e7mez ve i\u015faretle suyu Iya\u015f a g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesi ister. Huzeyfe, s\u00fcratle o tarafa y\u00f6nelir. Iya\u015f \u0131n yan\u0131na geldi\u011finde onun \u015fu son s\u00f6zlerini i\u015fitir: “\u0130l\u00e2h\u00ee! \u0130 l\u00e2-y\u0131 kelimetullah u\u011frunda can\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 fed\u00e2 etmekten asla \u00e7ekinmedik. Art\u0131k bizden \u015feh\u00e2det r\u00fctbesini esirgeme. Hatalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 affeyle! “Hz. Iya\u015f b\u00f6yle dedikten sonra kelime-i \u015fehadeti s\u00f6yleyerek ve suyu i\u00e7emeden son nefesini vermi\u015fti. Hz. Huzeyfe, ko\u015fa ko\u015fa geriye Hz. \u0130krime nin yan\u0131na d\u00f6ner, ama bir bakar ki o da \u015fehit olmu\u015f. Bunun \u00fczerine, “B\u00e2ri amcam\u0131n o\u011flu H\u00e2ris e yeti\u015feyim!” deyip ko\u015fa ko\u015fa gider, ama oraya gitti\u011finde H\u00e2ris in de \u015fehit oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Haslete bak\u0131n\u0131z: Yaral\u0131 ve son nefesini vermek \u00fczereyken bile, “Bana ver! Bana ver!” demiyorlar. “Karde\u015fime ver! Karde\u015fime ver!” diyorlar. Kendileri \u00e7ok muhta\u00e7 durumdayken bile karde\u015flerini kendi nefislerine tercih ediyorlar.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e2yet m\u00fcnasebetiyle (Ha\u015fr 9) \u00ees\u00e2r kavram\u0131 tefsirlerde, \u201c\u00e2hiret saadetini elde etme arzusuyla ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n iyili\u011fini ve mutlulu\u011funu kendine ve kendi zevklerine tercih etmek, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nde tutmak\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131p bir c\u00f6mertlik derecesi olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir (\u0130bn Kes\u00eer, III, 474; \u015eevk\u00e2n\u00ee, V, 232)<\/p>\n
Cimrilik ve c\u00f6mertli\u011fin dereceleri vard\u0131r. C\u00f6mertli\u011fin seh\u00e2, c\u00fbd ve \u00ees\u00e2r olarak ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fc\u00e7 derecesi vard\u0131r ancak en \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc isard\u0131r.(Bir kimsenin elindeki imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n en \u00e7ok yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131na ikram etmesine seh\u00e2 (sehavet), \u00e7o\u011funu vermesine c\u00fbd, imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanmas\u0131na da \u00ees\u00e2r denir.)<\/p>\n
Kaynaklarda, bir kimsenin s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131p nefsini mahrum b\u0131rakmas\u0131n\u0131n c\u00e2iz olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fun benimsedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re mahrumiyet ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya sabredebilenler i\u00e7in \u00ees\u00e2r, halinden \u015fik\u00e2yet edecek veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131na el a\u00e7abilecek yap\u0131da olanlar i\u00e7in mal\u0131na sahip olmak\u00a0 daha hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r (Kurtub\u00ee, XVIII, 28). Nitekim Hz. Peygamber, bir kimsenin elindeki imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 muhta\u00e7lara verip sonra da ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan yard\u0131m istemesini k\u0131nam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (D\u00e2rim\u00ee, \u201cZek\u00e2t\u201d, 25). Ayr\u0131ca bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n mal\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 vasiyet etmesini yasaklayan h\u00fck\u00fcm dikkate al\u0131narak (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201cVe\u1e63\u00e2y\u00e2\u201d, 3; Tirmiz\u00ee, \u201cVe\u1e63\u00e2y\u00e2\u201d, 1) aile fertlerini madd\u00ee s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakacak derecede tasaddukta bulunman\u0131n do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131labilir. Res\u00fbl-i Ekrem konuyla ilgili hadislerinin birinde \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cArkanda zengin v\u00e2risler b\u0131rakman, onlar\u0131 insanlar\u0131n elindekine g\u00f6z dikecek derecede yoksul b\u0131rakmandan daha iyidir. E\u015finin a\u011fz\u0131na verdi\u011fin bir lokma dahil olmak \u00fczere iyilik olarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n her harcama sadakad\u0131r\u201d (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201cVe\u1e63\u00e2y\u00e2\u201d, 2; M\u00fcslim, \u201cVa\u1e63\u0131yye\u201d, 5, 8).<\/p>\n
Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee, c\u00f6mertli\u011fi \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n ahl\u00e2k\u00ee s\u0131fatlar\u0131ndan biri\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlamakta, c\u00f6mertli\u011fin en y\u00fcksek derecesinin de \u00ees\u00e2r oldu\u011funu ifade etmektedir. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de Hz. Peygamber\u2019in \u00e7ok y\u00fcce bir ahl\u00e2ka sahip oldu\u011fu bildirildi\u011fine g\u00f6re \u00ees\u00e2r ayn\u0131 zamanda Res\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n ahl\u00e2k\u0131n\u0131n da bir unsurudur. Ancak di\u011fer erdemli davran\u0131\u015flarda oldu\u011fu gibi \u00ees\u00e2r\u0131n da belirtilen ahl\u00e2k\u00ee de\u011feri kazanabilmesi i\u00e7in madd\u00ee veya m\u00e2nev\u00ee bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k beklenmeden s\u0131rf Allah r\u0131z\u00e2s\u0131 ve insan sevgisinden dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc iyilik kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda te\u015fekk\u00fcr veya \u00f6vg\u00fc bekleyen ki\u015fi c\u00f6mertlik de\u011fil al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yapm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r (\u0130\u1e25y\u00e2\u02be<\/em>, III, 260).<\/p>\n\u0130sar demek, kendisi muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu halde ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 tercih etmektir. C\u00f6mertlik, insan\u0131n muhta\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyi ihtiyac\u0131 olanlara ve olmayanlara vermektir. Kendisi muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu halde vermek \u015f\u00fcphesiz daha m\u00fchimdir. C\u00f6mertlik, kendisi muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu halde ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 tercihe kadar y\u00fckseldi\u011fi gibi, cimrilik de kendisi muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu halde kendi ihtiyac\u0131na da sarfetmemek derekesine kadar d\u00fc\u015fer. Nice cimriler var ki hastaland\u0131klar\u0131 halde paran\u0131n \u00fczerine yatar ve tedavi \u00e7arelerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmaz. Can\u0131n\u0131n istedi\u011fi pek \u00e7ok \u015feyleri alabilece\u011fi halde cimrili\u011fi sebebiyle bunlar\u0131 almaz. Ancak ba\u015fkas\u0131 kendisine alsa asla hay\u0131r demez. \u0130\u015fte bu kendisine bile cimri. \u00d6teki ise kendi muhta\u00e7 iken ba\u015fkas\u0131na c\u00f6mert, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 kendi nefsine tercih eder.<\/p>\n
ARALARINDAK\u0130 FARKI SEN D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcN!!!<\/p>\n
C\u00f6mertlikte isar\u0131n \u00fczerine bir derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Allah Rasulu (asv) bu konuda \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur;<\/p>\n
\u201cKim can\u0131 bir \u015fey istedi\u011fi halde ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 kendi nefsine tercih ederse g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flan\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
Hz.Ai\u015fe (ra):Resulullah (asv) d\u00fcnyadan irtihal edinceye kadar \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn birbiri pe\u015fince karn\u0131n\u0131 doyurmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cDilesek doyabilirdik fakat ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 kendi nefsimize tercih ettik:\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bunlar \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp itidalli ve Allah cc r\u0131zas\u0131 do\u011frultusunda ve \u0130slam’\u0131n y\u00fcce ahlak\u0131n\u0131 ahlak edinmek i\u00e7in kuvvetli bir irade ve do\u011fru bir azimle m\u00fccadele etmek duas\u0131yla in\u015fallah.<\/p>\n
BA\u015eARI ANCAK ALLAH (C.C.) DANDIR.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hamd Alemlerin Rabbi, Rahman ,Rahim ve Din g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn sahibi olan Allah azze ve celleye mahsustur. Salat ve Selam Alemlere rahmet olarak gelen, kendisine tabi olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece kurtulu\u015fun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hz.Muhammed (asv) Aline, Ashab\u0131na ve T\u00fcm M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00fczerine olsun in\u015fallah. Rabbim bizleride o M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan k\u0131ls\u0131n.(Amin) Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda in\u015fallah \u0130slam’\u0131n y\u00fcce ahlaklar\u0131ndan bir ahlak olan \u0130sar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":34270,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,251],"tags":[11688],"yoast_head":"\n
\u0130sar Ve Fazileti Nedir? • Ebrar Medya<\/title>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n