B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Hamd kendisinden ba\u015fka ilah olmayan, mutlak manada tek g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kudret sahibi olan Allah\u2019a mahsustur. Salat ve selam t\u00fcm peygamberlerin ve onlar\u0131 takip eden tabilerinin \u00fczerine olsun.<\/h4>\n

Isl\u00e2m\u00a0hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131, su\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ay\u0131r\u0131yorlar:<\/p>\n

\n
1. Hakk\u0131nda\u00a0haddcezas\u0131 olanlar(85):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

   Bazen\u00a0hadd\u00a0cezalar\u0131na\u00a0keffaret\u00a0de eklenir. \u00d6ld\u00fcrme, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, zina ve di\u011fer\u00a0Hadd\u00a0su\u00e7lar\u0131yla k\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131 gibi. Bu \u00e7e\u015fit\u00a0masiyetler\u00a0say\u0131s\u0131 yaln\u0131zca\u00a0yeDi\u00a0olan\u00a0hadd\u00a0su\u00e7lar\u0131yla, say\u0131lar\u0131 be\u015f olan k\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc\u00a0yaln\u0131zCa\u00a0bu su\u00e7lar\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m,\u00a0hadd\u00a0cezas\u0131yla yani tayin edilmi\u015f ceza ile\u00a0cezaland\u0131rmaktaD\u0131r.<\/p>\n

   Esasen bu t\u00fcr su\u00e7lara uygulanan\u00a0hadd\u00a0cezas\u0131,\u00a0ta\u02bcz\u00eer\u00a0cezas\u0131na gerek\u00a0b\u0131rakmaMaktad\u0131r. Fakat umum\u00ee menfaat icap ettirdi\u011finde\u00a0ta\u2019z\u00eer\u00a0cezas\u0131n\u0131n da\u00a0hadd\u00a0ceZas\u0131yla\u00a0birlikte uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan bir engel yoktur. D\u00f6rt mezhebin\u00a0g\u00f6-<\/p>\n

   R\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u00a0ve tutumu da b\u00f6yledir.<\/p>\n

   Faraz\u00e2\u00a0M\u00e2lik,\u00a0kasden\u00a0adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrmenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda\u00a0kasden\u00a0i\u015flenilen\u00a0su\u00e7ta k\u0131sasla birlikte\u00a0ta\u02bcz\u00eer\u00a0cezas\u0131n\u0131n da uygulanmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir(86). Delili; k\u0131sas\u0131n su\u00e7a\u00a0Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak verildi\u011fi, bunun ma\u011fdurun hakk\u0131 olu\u015fu,\u00a0taz\u00eerin\u00a0ise,\u00a0te\u2019d\u00eeb\u00a0i\u00e7in<\/p>\n

   Verildi\u011fi, bunun da toplumun bir hakk\u0131 olu\u015fudur. M\u00e2lik, kas\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmede\u00a0k\u0131sas\u00a0ile\u00a0ta\u02bcz\u00eerin\u00a0birlikte uygulanmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6ld\u00fcrme\u00a0yan\u0131nDa\u00a0ta\u2019z\u00eerin\u00a0uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir mana ve faydas\u0131 yoktur. Fakat herhangi bir\u00a0M\u00e2ni ile k\u0131sas cezas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ta\u201d\u2019z\u00eer\u00a0cezas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilece\u011fi\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n

   \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee\u00a0mezhebi hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131, haddin\u00a0ta\u02bcz\u00eer\u00a0ile birlikte uygulanmas\u0131na cevaz veriyorlar. Mesel\u00e2, \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc insandan dolay\u0131 kendisine k\u0131sas uygulanmayacak\u00a0Ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fcrme fiili gibi. B\u00f6yle bir katilden dolay\u0131 diyet vermesi gerekir. Diyet\u00a0Onun i\u00e7in bir haddir ve bu ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca\u00a0ta\u2019z\u00eer\u00a0cezas\u0131 da\u00a0uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u0130\u00e7ki\u00a0i\u00e7me c\u00fcrm\u00fc haddinde 40 de\u011fnekten fazla de\u011fnek vurmak da b\u00f6yledir. Zira\u00a0\u015e\u00e2fi\u00eelere\u00a0g\u00f6re, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me c\u00fcrm\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00a0hadd\u00a0cezas\u0131 40 de\u011fnektir. Bundan fazlas\u0131\u00a0ta\u02bcz\u00eere\u00a0Girer. H\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131n elinin kesilmesinden sonra boynuna as\u0131lmas\u0131 da b\u00f6yledir; kesmek\u00a0Hadd, asmak ise\u00a0ta\u02bcz\u00eerdir(87).<\/p>\n

   Hanbel\u00ee mezhebi hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 da h\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131n elinin kesildikten sonra boynuna\u00a0As\u0131lmas\u0131na cevaz veriyorlar(88). Bunun anlam\u0131,\u00a0hadd\u00a0ile\u00a0ta\u02bcz\u00eer\u00a0cezalar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0birLikte\u00a0tatbikine cevaz vermeleridir.<\/p>\n

   Hanef\u00ee mezhebi hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 evli olmayan\u00a0zinak\u00e2ra\u00a0verilen s\u00fcrg\u00fcn cezas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0Hadd\u00a0de\u011fil,\u00a0ta\u2019z\u00eer\u00a0sayarlar ve bu suretle s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00a0hadd\u00a0ile bir arada\u00a0uygulanmas\u0131na\u00a0cevaz verirler. B\u00f6yle bir uygulaman\u0131n anlam\u0131, haddin ve\u00a0ta\u2019z\u00eerin\u00a0bir arada\u00a0Uygulanmas\u0131na cevaz vermi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r(89).<\/p>\n

   2)Hakk\u0131nda\u00a0hadd\u00a0cezas\u0131 olmayan, yaln\u0131zca\u00a0keffaret\u00a0cezas\u0131 bulunanlar:<\/p>\n

   Ramazanda g\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fcn ve hacda ihramdayken cins\u00ee\u00a0m\u00fcn\u00e2sebette\u00a0bulunmak\u00a0gibi.<\/p>\n

   Keffaret, asl\u0131nda bir \u00e7e\u015fit ibadettir. Zira\u00a0keffaret, k\u00f6leyi\u00a0\u00e2z\u00e2d\u00a0etmek veya\u00a0oru\u00e7 tutmak veya fakirlere, miskinlere yemek yedirmekten ibarettir. E\u011fer su\u00e7\u00a0say\u0131lmayan bir fiil hakk\u0131nda\u00a0keffaret\u00a0farz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa o zaman tam bir ibadettir;\u00a0oru\u00e7 tutamayan\u0131n oruca bedel olarak yemek yedirmesi gibi. E\u011fer\u00a0keffaret, su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 farz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa tam bir cezad\u0131r;\u00a0hat\u00e2en\u00a0adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrme ve\u00a0ziharda\u00a0oldu\u011fu gibi. Bu konuda\u00a0keffaret\u00a0mala benzemektedir. Para cezas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu\u00a0gibi, mal bazen bir su\u00e7un cezas\u0131 olabilir. Mesel\u00e2 bir zarar\u0131n tazmini i\u00e7in mala h\u00fckmedilmi\u015fse tazminat mahiyetindedir. Bazen da ceza ve tazminat bir arada bulu-<\/p>\n

   nur o zaman mal\u0131 ceza ve tazminat say\u0131l\u0131r ki, diyet gibi.\u00a0Bu \u00e7e\u015fit su\u00e7lar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu yerler ise ya orucu veya\u00a0ihrami\u00a0\u00a0bozmak, yalan yere yemin eylemek,\u00a0hay\u0131zl\u0131\u00a0kad\u0131nla cins\u00ee ili\u015fkide bulunmak yada\u00a0zihard\u0131r(90).<\/p>\n

   \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131, bu t\u00fcr su\u00e7larda\u00a0taz\u2019\u00eerin\u00a0cevaz\u0131 konusunda ihtilafl\u0131d\u0131rlar.\u00a0Baz\u0131lar\u0131, bu t\u00fcr su\u00e7larda\u00a0ta\u2019z\u00eerin\u00a0cevaz\u0131 konusunda ihtilafl\u0131d\u0131rlar. Baz\u0131lar\u0131, bu\u00a0t\u00fcr su\u00e7larda\u00a0ta\u02bcz\u00eerin\u00a0olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, tahdit ve tayin edilmi\u015f ceza olan\u00a0keffaret\u00a0ile yetinilmesi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedirler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da\u00a0keffaretin\u00a0ta\u02bcz\u00eer\u00a0ile bir arada uygulanmas\u0131\u00a0i\u00e7in caiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedirler. Bu son g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f tercihe de\u011fer(91).<\/p>\n

   3) Hakk\u0131nda\u00a0hadd\u00a0ve\u00a0keffaret\u00a0cezalar\u0131 bulunmayanlar:<\/p>\n

   Yabanc\u0131, nikahl\u0131s\u0131 olmayan, kad\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6pmek ve kendisiyle yaln\u0131z kalmak, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa te\u015febb\u00fcs, \u00f6l\u00fc, murdar hayvan eti yemek gibi. Yukar\u0131daki t\u00fcrlere girmeyen su\u00e7lar bu\u00a0neviye\u00a0girmektedir. Bunlar, su\u00e7lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0bi\u00a0\u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturur ve hatta say\u0131lamayacak kadar \u00e7oktur.<\/p>\n

   Kendisinde\u00a0hadd\u00a0veya\u00a0keffaret\u00a0cezalar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7lar da kendi\u00a0\u0130\u00e7inde \u00e7e\u015fitli gruplara ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Fakat \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fidin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmazlar(92).<\/p>\n

   A-Kendi cinsinden bir fiille\u00a0hadd\u00a0cezas\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0me\u015fr\u00fb\u00a0k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, konuldu\u011fu, fakat\u00a0\u00a0kendisi\u00a0hakk\u0131nda cezas\u0131 konulmam\u0131\u015f olanlar. Mahfuz olmayan, koruma alt\u0131nda bulunmayan\u00a0mal\u0131 \u00e7almak,\u00a0nisab\u00a0miktar\u0131ndan az bir mal\u0131 \u00e7almak,\u00a0te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00a0derecesinde kalan h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k gibi. Kendisinde haddin konuldu\u011fu h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7in\u00a0zorunlu \u015fartlar vard\u0131r; mal\u0131n koruma alt\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f mal\u0131n nisaba\u00a0Ula\u015fmas\u0131, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tam olu\u015fu bu \u015fartlardand\u0131r. \u015eartlar bulunmuyorsa\u00a0hadd\u00a0de\u00a0yoktur. Zinaya te\u015febb\u00fcs ve bir kad\u0131nla\u00a0birarada\u00a0yaln\u0131zca\u00a0ba\u015fba\u015fa\u00a0kalmak, \u00f6pmek ve sar\u0131lmak gibi, zinan\u0131n mukaddimeleri de bu c\u00fcmledendir. Kendisine haddin\u00a0me\u015fr\u00fb\u00a0k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve fakat \u015fartlar\u0131n tam olarak bulunmamas\u0131 sebebiyle o cezan\u0131n tatbik edilemedi\u011fi su\u00e7lara yaln\u0131zca\u00a0ta\u2019z\u00eer\u00a0cezas\u0131 uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

   B-Kendisi hakk\u0131nda\u00a0hadd\u00a0cezas\u0131 konulmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bir \u015f\u00fcphe sebebiyle\u00a0bu haddin uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiiller. Haddin uygulanamay\u0131\u015f\u0131, ya haddi\u00a0bertaraf eden\u00a0bir \u015f\u00fcpheden dolay\u0131d\u0131r, adam\u0131n ailesiyle\u00a0d\u00fcb\u00fcr\u00fcnden\u00a0(arka taraf\u0131ndan) cins\u00ee m\u00fcnasebette bulunmas\u0131,\u00a0livata\u00a0yapmas\u0131, ortak mal\u0131 \u00e7almak gibi. Bazen su\u00e7luya mahsus bir sebepten dolay\u0131\u00a0hadd\u00a0cezas\u0131 uygulanmaz; baban\u0131n, o\u011flunu \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesi gibi ki, burada k\u0131sas cezas\u0131 tatbik edilmez.\u00a0F\u00fcr\u00fbun\u00a0us\u00fblden\u00a0mal \u00e7almas\u0131 da b\u00f6yledir. Bu \u00e7almada da el kesme cezas\u0131 yoktur, bu gibi yerlerde\u00a0ta\u2019z\u00eer\u00a0cezas\u0131 el kesmenin yerini al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

   C-Ne kendisi ve ne de ayn\u0131 cinsten di\u011fer su\u00e7lar i\u00e7in\u00a0hadd\u00a0cezas\u0131 konulmu\u015f\u00a0fiiller. Su\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu bu \u00e7e\u015fittendir; \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f hayvan etini, kan\u0131, domuz etini yemek, devlet hazinedar\u0131, vak\u0131f\u00a0nez\u00e2ret\u00e7isi,\u00a0vas\u00ee\u00a0ve vekil gibi kendisine bir hususun, mal\u0131n\u00a0em\u00e2net\u00a0b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimselerin o emanetlere h\u0131yanetleri, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve tart\u0131da hilek\u00e2rl\u0131k yapmak, yalan \u015fehadette bulunmak, faiz (rib\u00e2) yemek, hakaret ve\u00a0s\u00f6vmek, r\u00fc\u015fvet almak vs. Gibi.<\/p>\n

   85) Burada hadden\u00a0maksad;\u00a0hadd\u00a0cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7lard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

   86)\u00a0Mevahib\u00fc\u2019l-Celil, c.6\/247.\u00a0\u015eerhu\u2019d-D\u0131rd\u00eer, c.4\/224.<\/p>\n

   87)\u00a0Esna\u2019l-Met\u00e1lib, c.4\/162.\u00a0N.Muhtac, c.8\/18.<\/p>\n

   88) El-Mu\u011fn\u00ed, c. 10\/266.<\/p>\n

   89)\u00a0Bed\u00e2iu\u2019s-Sandi, c.7\/39.\u00a0\u015e.F.Kadir, c.4\/136.<\/p>\n

   90) \u00c7e\u015fitli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri bir araya getirmek i\u00e7in bu ifadeyi kulland\u0131k. Faraza\u00a0hay\u0131zh\u00a0kad\u0131nla cins\u00ee ili\u015fkide<\/p>\n

   Bulunan ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda\u00a0keffaretin\u00a0gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde olanlar bulundu\u011fu gibi,\u00a0keffaretin\u00a0gerekmedi\u011fi\u00a0fik-<\/p>\n

   Rinde olanlar da vard\u0131r. Bunun gibi,\u00a0keffaretin\u00a0yaln\u0131zca oru\u00e7lu iken cins\u00ee temasta bulunan i\u00e7in gerekti\u011fi<\/p>\n

   Fikrinde olanlar bulundu\u011fu gibi;\u00a0keffaretin, yiyen, i\u00e7en i\u00e7in gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde olanlar da vard\u0131r<\/p>\n

   91)\u00a0Ibn\u00a0Kayyim\u00a0el-Cevziyye,\u00a0I\u2019l\u00e2mu\u2019l-Muvakk\u0131\u00een, c.2\/221, Delhi 1314.\u00a0Ibn\u00a0R\u00fc\u015fd, el-Mukaddim\u00e2t,<\/p>\n

   c.2\/151, M\u0131s\u0131r 1325.\u00a0Tebsiret\u00fc\u2019l-Hukk\u00e1m, s.259,\u00a0E.Met\u00e5lib, c.4\/162.\u00a0N.Muhtac, c.8\/18.<\/p>\n

   92)\u00a0Bed&iu\u2019s-San\u00e2i, c.7\/64.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

   B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hamd kendisinden ba\u015fka ilah olmayan, mutlak manada tek g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kudret sahibi olan Allah\u2019a mahsustur. Salat ve selam t\u00fcm peygamberlerin ve onlar\u0131 takip eden tabilerinin \u00fczerine olsun. Isl\u00e2m\u00a0hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131, su\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ay\u0131r\u0131yorlar: Hakk\u0131nda\u00a0haddcezas\u0131 olanlar(85): Bazen\u00a0hadd\u00a0cezalar\u0131na\u00a0keffaret\u00a0de eklenir. \u00d6ld\u00fcrme, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, zina ve di\u011fer\u00a0Hadd\u00a0su\u00e7lar\u0131yla k\u0131sas ve diyet su\u00e7lar\u0131 gibi. Bu \u00e7e\u015fit\u00a0masiyetler\u00a0say\u0131s\u0131 yaln\u0131zca\u00a0yeDi\u00a0olan\u00a0hadd\u00a0su\u00e7lar\u0131yla, say\u0131lar\u0131 be\u015f olan k\u0131sas ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":18473,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,251],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n