B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M<\/strong><\/p>\n Hamd alemlerin Rabbi, Maliki, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve hayat\u0131 biz kullar\u0131n\u0131n hangisinin daha iyi amel i\u015fleyece\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in yaratan, bizlere \u00e7e\u015fitli ibretler ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fctler ile yolunu g\u00f6steren Allah (cc)\u2019a aittir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130lk g\u00fcnden beri \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku, \u00e2d\u00ee su\u00e7larla siyas\u00ee su\u00e7lar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku bu ay\u0131r\u0131mda, toplumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, yarar\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00fcvenli\u011finin ve as\u00e2yi\u015finin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 nazar\u0131 dikkate alm\u0131\u015f, g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutmu\u015ftur. \u0130sl\u00e2m, muayyen siyas\u00ee \u015fartlarda i\u015flenen baz\u0131 \u00e2d\u00ee su\u00e7lar\u0131 siyas\u00ee su\u00e7 saym\u0131\u015f, fakat her siyas\u00ee gaye ile i\u015flenmi\u015f su\u00e7u siyas\u00ee su\u00e7 saymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Siyas\u00ee su\u00e7 mahiyeti itibariyle \u00e2d\u00ee su\u00e7tan farks\u0131zd\u0131r. Her ikisi de mevzu, \u00e7e\u015fit ve vas\u0131talarda birle\u015fmekte, fakat su\u00e7 \u00e2millerinde ve s\u00e2iklerinde birbirinden ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Siyas\u00ee su\u00e7lar, siyas\u00ee ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in i\u015flenmekte veya su\u00e7 s\u00e2ikleri (\u00e2milleri) siyas\u00ee mahiyet ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Esasen \u00e2d\u00ee su\u00e7lar\u0131n s\u00e2ikleride olabilir. Bunu yasaklayan herhangi bir h\u00fck\u00fcm de yoktur. \u015eu halde bazan \u00e2d\u00ee su\u00e7, siyas\u00ee su\u00e7la kar\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan iki su\u00e7u birbirinden ay\u0131rmak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Siyas\u00ee su\u00e7, normal \u015fartlarda meydana gelmez, i\u015flenmez. Gaye ve s\u00e2ikleri ne olursa olsun, \u00e2d\u00ee hallerde ve \u015fartlarda meydana gelen su\u00e7, \u00e2d\u00ee su\u00e7tur. \u00d6ld\u00fcrme, alel\u00e2de durumlarda i\u015flendi\u011fi takdirde, mesel\u00e2 k\u00e2til siyas\u00ee maksatla devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7u yine \u00e2d\u00ee su\u00e7tur. \u0130sterse k\u00e2til ki\u015fi politikayla u\u011fra\u015fan birisi olsun. Madem ki \u00f6ld\u00fcrme normal \u015fartlar ve durumlarda i\u015flenmi\u015ftir, h\u00fckm\u00fc b\u00f6yledir. Mesel\u00e2 Abdurrahman b. M\u00fclcem, siyas\u00ee bir gayeyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in halifesi Hz. Ali\u2019yi \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc ve Abdurrahman, h\u00e2ric\u00eelerden oldu\u011fu halde, \u00f6ld\u00fcrme fiili \u00e2d\u00ee bir su\u00e7 say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u00dc\u00d6). Bu bizzat Hz. Ali\u2019nin ve ondan sonra da \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131n\u0131n kabul etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Halife Ali, o\u011flu Hz. Hasan\u2019a \u201cOnu iyi ba\u011flay\u0131n, e\u011fer ya\u015farsam ben kan\u0131m\u0131n velisiyim, e\u011fer \u00f6l\u00fcrsem bana vurdu\u011fu gibi ona vurun\u201d demi\u015ftir. E\u011fer \u00f6ld\u00fcrme \u00e2d\u00ee bir \u00f6ld\u00fcrme olmasayd\u0131, Hz. Ali kendisini kan\u0131n\u0131n velisi saymazd\u0131. \u0130sterse affeder, isterse k\u0131sas icr\u00e2 ettirirdi. Kendisine vuruldu\u011fu gibi Abdurrahman b. M\u00fclcem\u2019e vurulmas\u0131n\u0131 o\u011flu Hz. Hasan\u2019dan istemezdi(37).<\/p>\n Siyas\u00ee su\u00e7, ancak anormal \u015fartlarda, ihtil\u00e2l, i\u00e7 isyan ve sava\u015f halinde yurtta\u015flardan bir grup devlete kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklan\u0131rsa, devletle devlete kar\u015f\u0131 gelen grup aras\u0131nda bir sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131karsa, i\u015fte o zaman s\u00f6z konusudur. Ancak ihtil\u00e2lci ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131larda siyas\u00ee su\u00e7un var olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in belirli \u015fartlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. E\u011fer bu \u015eartlar yoksa, ihtil\u00e2l veya isyan hali mevcut de\u011filse, meydana gelecek su\u00e7lar siyas\u00ee su\u00e7 mahiyetinde de\u011fildir. O zaman bunlar \u00e2d\u00ee su\u00e7 mahiyetindendir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku \u0131st\u0131lah\u0131nda siyasi su\u00e7 “el\u2014Ba\u011fy”, siyasi su\u00e7lular \u201cel-Bu\u011fat”<\/p>\n veya “el-fiet\u00fc\u2019l-Ba\u011fiye\u201c \u015feklinde isimlendirilir. Fakihlerin tan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re. “Bu\u011fat” uygun bir te’vil ile devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 (38) ayaklanan, g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kuvveti olan topluluk (39) veya “Devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 veya naibine kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fu iki \u015feyden birisiyle muhalefet eden. Ba\u015fkald\u0131ran bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplulu\u011fudur”:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Fakihler, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklan\u0131n grubu \u201cBu\u011f\u00e2t\u201d olarak isimlendirirken, onun aleyhine ayaklanmayan di\u011fer gruba da \u201cAd\u00e2let Ehli\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 vermektedirler.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n 36) Hariciler, Halife Ali\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 cephe alm\u0131\u015f ve onu halifeli\u011fe uygun bulmayan bir gruptur.<\/p>\n 37) E\u015e-\u015eerhu’l\u2014Keb\u00eer, c.10\/52.<\/p>\n 38) Devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 veya devletin en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclk\u00ee \u00e2miri.<\/p>\n 39) e\u015f\u2014\u015eerhu\u2019l-Keb\u00eer, c.10\/49.<\/p>\n 40) Allah\u2019a m\u00fcteallik (kamu hakk\u0131yla ilgili) h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u00e2mme menfaatlerini, kula m\u00fcteallik (kul ile ilgili) h\u00fck\u00fcmler ise, fertlerin menfaatlerini korumak i\u00e7in konulmu\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdir.<\/p>\n 41) M\u00fcslim, im\u00e2re 58.<\/p>\n 42) D\u00f6rt mezhebe hakim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f; zul\u00fcm, fas\u0131kl\u0131k ve vecibeleri yerine getirmemekle devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revinden at\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindedir. Binaenaleyh azletmek, yerine bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 getirmek i\u00e7in aleyhinde ayaklanmak gerekmez. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc imam aleyhinde ayaklanmak istikrars\u0131zlar\u0131n, fitne ve fesad\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131na, isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n fazlala\u015f\u0131p yurtta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n durumlar\u0131n\u0131n, huzur ve g\u00fcvenlerinin bozulmas\u0131na sebep olur. d\u00f6rt mezhebin, az\u0131nl\u0131kta kalan hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131na g\u00f6re ise azli ettiren bir sebep bulundu\u011funda millet, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131 azledebilir. Devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131, fas\u0131kl\u0131k, zul\u00fcm ve haks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 engellemek, vecibeleri yerine getirmeme sebeplerinden dolay\u0131 azledilir. Devlet reisi, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n mallar\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesine, din i\u015flerinin bozulmas\u0131na sebep olduysa, millet onu azledebilir ve i\u015flerinin intizam\u0131, dirlik ve d\u00fczeni temini i\u00e7in devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azli, bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda halifenin azledilmesi fikrindedirler. \u0130mam Malik\u2019in \u015f\u00f6yle dedi\u011fi rivayet olunur: \u201cKim Abd\u00fclaziz o\u011flu \u00d6mer gibi bir devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 aleyhine harekete ge\u00e7ip yetkilerini almak isterse, insanlar\u0131n, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131ndan yana olup onu savunmalar\u0131 gerekir. Ama devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 onun gibi olmazsa bu gerekmez; her ikisini de kendi hallerine b\u0131rak, Allah Teala, zalimden, zalim ile intikam\u0131n\u0131 als\u0131n!..\u201d Bak, \u015eerhu\u2019z-Zurkani. C.8\/60. \u0130bni Abidin, Ha\u015fiyet\u00fc \u0130bni Abidin, C.3\/429, M\u0131s\u0131r 1307. El-Ahkamu\u2019s-Sultaniyye, s.14, el-\u0130kna, c.4\/392<\/p>\n 43) \u015eerhu\u2019z-Zurk\u00e2n\u00ee, c.8\/60.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hamd alemlerin Rabbi, Maliki, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve hayat\u0131 biz kullar\u0131n\u0131n hangisinin daha iyi amel i\u015fleyece\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in yaratan, bizlere \u00e7e\u015fitli ibretler ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fctler ile yolunu g\u00f6steren Allah (cc)\u2019a aittir. AD\u0130 SU\u00c7LARLA S\u0130YAS\u0130 SU\u00c7LARIN FARKI \u0130lk g\u00fcnden beri \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku, \u00e2d\u00ee su\u00e7larla siyas\u00ee su\u00e7lar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku bu ay\u0131r\u0131mda, toplumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, yarar\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00fcvenli\u011finin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":12082,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[251],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\n
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