B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M<\/strong><\/p>\n Hamd Alemlerin Rabbi, Rahman, Rahim, Cebbar, kahhar olan Allah azze ve celle\u2019ye Salat Rasulune Selam ise hidayete tabi olan t\u00fcm M\u00fc\u2019minlerin \u00fczerine olsun in\u015faAllah.<\/p>\n \u0130ster fert ister cemiyet isterse genel \u00e2s\u00e2yi\u015f ve toplum d\u00fczeni aleyhine i\u015flenmi\u015f olsunlar, cezalar\u0131 toplum menfaatini korumak i\u00e7in konulmu\u015ftur. \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 bu \u00e7e\u015fit su\u00e7lar\u0131n cezalar\u0131n\u0131n Allah\u2019\u0131n hakk\u0131 olarak konuldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerler(33). Bu ifadenin m\u00e2nas\u0131, cezalar toplumu korumak i\u00e7in te\u015fr\u00ee k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, yasalla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131, bu cezalar\u0131n af, tahfif ve infaz\u0131n\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131n caiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faretle, onlar\u0131 Allah\u2019\u0131n hakk\u0131 olarak telakki etmektedirler.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Cezalar\u0131 ki\u015filerin yararlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in konulmu\u015ftur. Ki\u015fi menfaati i\u00e7in zararl\u0131 olan \u015fey, ayn\u0131 zamanda toplum menfaati y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de zararl\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat ki\u015fi menfaati daha a\u011f\u0131r basmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Genellikle belirli ki\u015filer aleyhine i\u015flenen, menfaatlerine b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda zararl\u0131 olsa da hadd su\u00e7lar\u0131 cemiyet menfaatine zararl\u0131 su\u00e7lard\u0131r; h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k ve zina iftiras\u0131 gibi. Bunlar\u0131n topluma zararl\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, fertlere zararl\u0131 olu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ink\u00e2r m\u00e2nas\u0131na gelmez. Fakat bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, cemiyet menfaatini ki\u015filerin menfaatlerinden daha \u00fcst\u00fcn tutma demektir. Bu fikirledir ki, e\u011fer ki\u015fi su\u00e7luyu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015f olsa bile bu aff\u0131n su\u00e7 ve cezaya hi\u00e7bir etkisi yoktur. K\u0131sas ve diyet cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7lar ise fertler aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardand\u0131r. Bunun m\u00e2nas\u0131, topluma zararl\u0131 olmay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 de\u011fil, fert hakk\u0131n\u0131n toplum hakk\u0131ndan daha \u00fcst\u00fcn tutulu\u015fudur. \u015e\u00f6yle ki, su\u00e7 i\u00e7in esasen tespit edilmi\u015f cezadan yani k\u0131sas ve diyetten, ma\u011fdur ki\u015fi feragat edebilir. Ona vazge\u00e7me hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc su\u00e7, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kendisine zararl\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Ma\u011fdur, ceza isteme hakk\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7erse, su\u00e7lu sal\u0131verilmez, Fakat dolayl\u0131 olarak zarar verdi\u011fi, toplum menfaatini korumak i\u00e7in su\u00e7lu ta\u2019z\u00eer cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ta\u2019z\u00eer su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 toplum yararlar\u0131na, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise, daha \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, fert ve toplum menfaatlerine zarar vermektedir.<\/p>\n Esasen toplum yarar\u0131na zararl\u0131 her su\u00e7, sonunda ki\u015filerin yararlar\u0131na da zararl\u0131, ki\u015filerin menfaatine zararl\u0131 her su\u00e7 da, \u00f6zellikle ki\u015finin hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihl\u00e2l eylemi\u015fse de sonunda toplumun menfaatine zararl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu konuda bir, \u0130slam hukuk\u00e7usu \u015f\u00f6yle diyor; \u201c\u0130nsano\u011flunun her hakk\u0131nda mutlaka Allah hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her m\u00fckellef ba\u015fkalar\u0131na zarar vermekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmakla g\u00f6revlidir. Bu, onun \u00fczerinde Allah\u2019\u0131n bir hakk\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d(34). \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku, baz\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 toplum menfaatine zararl\u0131 sayd\u0131ysa, bu zarar\u0131n, fert menfaatine olan zarardan daha a\u011f\u0131r olu\u015fundand\u0131r. Baz\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 ki\u015fi yarar\u0131na zararl\u0131 sayd\u0131ysa, bu zarar\u0131n cemiyetin menfaatine olan zarardan daha a\u011f\u0131r bir mahiyet ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131ndand\u0131r\u201d(35)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 33) Bed\u00e2iu\u2019s-San\u00e2\u00ee, c.7\/33. Feth\u00fc\u2019l\u2014Kad\u00eer. c.4\/12.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 34) Zurkan\u00ee Muhammed b. Abdilb\u00e2k\u00ee \u00a0\u015eerhu’z-Zurk\u00e2n\u00ee, C-8\/115, Kahire l936.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 35) Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kanunlarda. Mesela TCK da c\u00fcr\u00fcmler bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle takibi \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan su\u00e7lar (kamu davalar\u0131na konu su\u00e7lar) ve takibi \u015fikayete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7lar (\u015fahsi davalara konu su\u00e7lar) \u015feklinde ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Mesela TCK. md.143 ve 163 deki su\u00e7lar birer kamu su\u00e7u, md.440. 441, 442 veya 448 veya 492 deki su\u00e7lar birer \u015fahsi dava konusu su\u00e7lard\u0131r (m).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hamd Alemlerin Rabbi, Rahman, Rahim, Cebbar, kahhar olan Allah azze ve celle\u2019ye Salat Rasulune Selam ise hidayete tabi olan t\u00fcm M\u00fc\u2019minlerin \u00fczerine olsun in\u015faAllah. \u00d6zel mahiyetlerine g\u00f6re su\u00e7lar, topluluk veya ki\u015filer aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar diye ikiye ay\u0131rt edilir. Topluluk aleyhine i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar: \u0130ster fert ister cemiyet isterse genel \u00e2s\u00e2yi\u015f ve toplum d\u00fczeni aleyhine i\u015flenmi\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":11785,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[251],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\n
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