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ESB\u00c2B-\u0131 N\u00dcZ\u00dbL<\/a><\/blockquote><\/iframe><script>\n\/*! This file is auto-generated *\/\n!function(d,l){\"use strict\";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&\"undefined\"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!\/[^a-zA-Z0-9]\/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),c=new RegExp(\"^https?:$\",\"i\"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display=\"none\";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute(\"style\"),\"height\"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):\"link\"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute(\"src\")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener(\"message\",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll(\"iframe.wp-embedded-content\"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute(\"data-secret\"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+=\"#?secret=\"+t,e.setAttribute(\"data-secret\",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:\"ready\",secret:t},\"*\")},!1)))}(window,document);\n<\/script>\n","thumbnail_url":"https:\/\/www.ebrarmedya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/YILMAZ-G\u00dcVEN.jpg","thumbnail_width":730,"thumbnail_height":360,"description":"B\u0130SM\u0130LLAH\u0130RRAHMAN\u0130RRAH\u0130M Hamd alemlerin Rabbi, Maliki, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve hayat\u0131 biz kullar\u0131n\u0131n hangisinin daha iyi amel i\u015fleyece\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in yaratan, bizlere \u00e7e\u015fitli ibretler ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fctler ile yolunu g\u00f6steren Allah (cc)\u2019a aittir.Salat ve selam rehberimiz ve \u00f6nderimiz, alemlere rahmet olarak g\u00f6nderilen Hz. Muhammed (sav)\u2019e onun ehli beytine, dinin ya\u015fanmas\u0131 konusunda bizlere \u00f6rneklik te\u015fkil eden Ashab\u0131na(ra), bug\u00fcne kadar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve ya\u015famakta olan t\u00fcm M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00fczerine olsun.Kur\u2019an ayetleri genel olarak belli bir sebebe ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayarak do\u011frudan bir h\u00fckm\u00fc belirtmek i\u00e7in indirilenler ve belli bir sebep do\u011frultusunda yani geli\u015fen olaylara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak indirilen ayetler olarak iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bizim bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda daha \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde duraca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z k\u0131s\u0131m ise belli bir sebep do\u011frultusunda indirilen ve Kur\u2019an\u2019da 600 civar\u0131 ayeti ba\u011flayan Esbabu\u2019n-nuzul konusudur. Nitekim Tefsir usul\u00fcnde mevcut olan bu konunun ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceledi\u011fimizde; \u2018Esbab\u2019 sebep kelimesinin \u00e7o\u011fulu, \u2018Nuzul\u2019 ise indirmek demektir. K\u0131saca ba\u015fl\u0131ktan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere ayetlerin ini\u015f sebeplerini inceleyen bir konudur.Esbabu\u2019n-nuzul konusu ayetlerin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yorumlanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir konudur. Genellikle sahabenin Rasulullah (sav)\u2019e bir soru sormas\u0131, birtak\u0131m \u00f6zel durumlar veyahut meydana gelen bir olay\u0131, hadiseyi a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in indirilen ayetler, sahabe taraf\u0131ndan kolayca anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. Nitekim alimler sebebi n\u00fczul hakk\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli noktalara da i\u015faret etmi\u015ftir. Onlar sebebi n\u00fczul\u00fcn Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda adeta bir anahtar konumunda oldu\u011funu, bu anahtar\u0131 kullanmayanlar\u0131n ise yanl\u0131\u015f kap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7abilece\u011fini belirtmi\u015flerdir. Bu konuda bir rivayeti nakledecek olursak; \u2018Muhammed b. Sirin\u2019 den rivayet edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re \u201cKur\u2019an\u2019dan bir ayeti Ubeyde b. Es- Selmani\u2019den sordum. Bana Allahtan sak\u0131n Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n ne \u015fey \u00fczere nazil oldu\u011funu bilenlere git dedi.\u201d[1]\u00d6rnek olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in nakletti\u011fimiz bu rivayetten de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere alimlerin bu konuda ki hassasiyeti malumdur. Ancak kendini bilmez cahil insanlar ise yeni \u015feyler icat ederek, ayetlere farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nlerden yakla\u015farak sanki o g\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumdan ve \u015fartlardan daha iyi anlayabileceklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedirler.\u00a0Bu konuda kendimize \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z en g\u00fczel pay ise sebepler do\u011frultusunda indirilen veyahut bir h\u00fckm\u00fc belirtmek i\u00e7in indirilen ayetleri muteber tefsir kaynaklar\u0131ndan okumam\u0131z, varsa sebebi n\u00fczul\u00fcn\u00fc ayetle ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z gerekmektedir.Sebebi n\u00fczul\u00fcn bilinmesinde ki yararlara k\u0131saca bakacak olursak;Sadece tarihi y\u00f6nden de\u011fil bilakis Kur\u2019an\u2019da emredilen \u015feylerin hikmetlerini anlamada da faydas\u0131 vard\u0131r.Ayetlerde kastedilen mana kolayl\u0131kla anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Buna bir \u00f6rnek verecek olursak; \u2018\u015earab\u0131n haram oldu\u011funu bildiren ayet nazil oldu\u011fu zaman sahabe, Rasulullah (sav)\u2019e daha \u00f6nceleri \u015farap i\u00e7mi\u015f ve \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f kimselerin durumunu sordular. Bunun \u00fczerine Allah(cc) \u201c\u0130man edip, g\u00fczel amel i\u015fleyenlere, tatt\u0131klar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hi\u00e7bir su\u00e7 yoktur\u201d (Maide\/90) ayeti nazil olmu\u015ftur. Rivayet edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re Kudame b. Maz\u2019un ve Amr b. Ma\u2019dikerip yukar\u0131daki ayete dayanarak \u015farab\u0131n mubah oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeye kalk\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.[2] Onlar\u0131n bu hataya d\u00fc\u015fmelerinin nedeni ise ayetin n\u00fczul sebebini bilmemeleridir.N\u00fczul sebebi, ayetin ihtiva etti\u011fi h\u00fckm\u00fc tahsis eder. \u00d6rnek verecek olursak m\u00fccadele s\u00fcresinin ba\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki z\u0131har ayetleri Evs b. Es-Samit\u2019in e\u015fi havle\u2019ye z\u0131har yapmas\u0131 \u00fczerine nazil olmu\u015ftur. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler her ne kadar bu iki \u015fahs\u0131 ilgilendiren mesele olsa da e\u011fer sebebi n\u00fczul bilinmeseydi ayetin hikmeti ve h\u00fckm\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmayacak ve k\u0131yas yap\u0131lamayacakt\u0131.Esbab\u0131 n\u00fczul, m\u00fcphem ayetlerin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.Ayet ve sureler aras\u0131nda m\u00fcnasebet kurmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.Son olarak sebebi n\u00fczul\u00fc bilmek i\u015fiten kimse i\u00e7in vahyi tespit, anlay\u0131\u015f ve h\u0131fz\u0131na kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flar.Sebebi n\u00fczul\u00fcn makbul say\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in adalet ve zabt s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip kimselerin yine ayn\u0131 kimselere rivayet etmesi ve t\u0131pk\u0131 sahih hadis gibi sahabe veyahut Rasulullah (sav)\u2019a ula\u015fmas\u0131 gerekmekte ayn\u0131 zamanda sebebi n\u00fczul ile ayet aras\u0131nda m\u00fcnasebetin bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. N\u00fczul\u00fcn tercihi konusunda daha da ayr\u0131nt\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu kadar bilgi bizler i\u00e7in yeterli.Birde tefsir okumam\u0131z\u0131 ve esbab\u0131 n\u00fczul\u00fc ay\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131 verecek olursak; bu konuda konuya has tabirler kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin: \u2018Ayetin n\u00fczul sebebi \u015fudur, bunu \u00fczerine Allah \u015fu ayeti indirdi veya bu hadise \u00fczerine \u015fu ayet nazil oldu.\u2019 Gibi kesinlik arz eden tabirler kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu tarz kesinlik bildirmeyen tabirler sebebi n\u00fczul olabilece\u011fi gibi ba\u015fka bir mesele ile ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilir.Tan\u0131mda da s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz gibi vuku bulan bir olay, birtak\u0131m \u00f6zel durumlar veyahut Rasulullah (sav)\u2019e sorulan sorular \u00fczerine indirilen ayetler sebebi n\u00fczul\u00fc olan ayetlerdir. \u00d6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131klayacak olursak vuku bulan hadiseye \u00f6rnek olarak yukar\u0131da verdi\u011fimiz \u015farap meselesini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Sorulan soru \u00fczerine inen ayetlere \u00f6rnek ise;\u2018Hz. \u00d6mer bir defas\u0131nda: \u2018Ey Allah\u2019\u0131n Resul\u00fc evinize \u00e7e\u015fitli insanlar girip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, sizin o temiz e\u015flerinizi g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlar. Emir buyurursan\u0131z da onlar \u00f6rt\u00fcnseler\u2019 demi\u015ftim. Bunun \u00fczerine de \u201cPeygamberin han\u0131mlar\u0131ndan bir \u015fey istedi\u011finiz zaman perde arkas\u0131ndan isteyin. Bu hem sizin kalpleriniz hem de onlar\u0131n kalpleri i\u00e7in daha temiz bir davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d Ayeti indirildi.[3]G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi sebebi n\u00fczul meselesi Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir konudur. Zaten her ne kadar Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in o g\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumu ve yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da bilmemiz gerekiyor diyorsak baz\u0131 ayetleri anlamak i\u00e7inde sebebi n\u00fczul\u00fcn\u00fc bilmemiz gerekmektedir. Zaten Kur\u2019an Allah(cc) taraf\u0131ndan toplumun ahlak ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek, onlara do\u011fru yolu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in bir hidayet kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak indirilmi\u015ftir.Son olarak Tevbe s\u00fcresi 31. Ayeti \u00f6nce mealinden okuyup anlamaya daha sonra ise tefsirlerden okuyarak sebebi n\u00fczul\u00fc ile birlikte anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsak sebebi n\u00fczul\u00fcn \u00f6nemini ve konuyu daha iyi anlayabiliriz. (\u0130n\u015fallah)ELHAMDUL\u0130LLAH\u0130RABB\u0130LALEM\u0130N[1] Tabakatu b. Sa\u2019d cilt:6 Sf:63[2] El-\u0130TKAN, 1\/29, El- \u0130sabe, 3\/457[3] El-Buhari, et-Tefsir, s\u00fcre,2"}